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Condition: Multiple Sclerosis
Cancer: Glioma

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Total 22 results found since Jan 2013.

The subpopulation of microglia expressing functional muscarinic acetylcholine receptors expands in stroke and Alzheimer's disease.
Abstract Microglia undergo a process of activation in pathology which is controlled by many factors including neurotransmitters. We found that a subpopulation (11 %) of freshly isolated adult microglia respond to the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist carbachol with a Ca(2+) increase and a subpopulation of similar size (16 %) was observed by FACS analysis using an antibody against the M3 receptor subtype. The carbachol-sensitive population increased in microglia/brain macrophages isolated from tissue of mouse models for stroke (60 %) and Alzheimer's disease (25 %), but not for glioma and multiple sclero...
Source: Brain Structure and Function - December 19, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Pannell M, Meier MA, Szulzewsky F, Matyash V, Endres M, Kronenberg G, Prinz V, Waiczies S, Wolf SA, Kettenmann H Tags: Brain Struct Funct Source Type: research

The subpopulation of microglia expressing functional muscarinic acetylcholine receptors expands in stroke and Alzheimer’s disease
Abstract Microglia undergo a process of activation in pathology which is controlled by many factors including neurotransmitters. We found that a subpopulation (11 %) of freshly isolated adult microglia respond to the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist carbachol with a Ca2+ increase and a subpopulation of similar size (16 %) was observed by FACS analysis using an antibody against the M3 receptor subtype. The carbachol-sensitive population increased in microglia/brain macrophages isolated from tissue of mouse models for stroke (60 %) and Alzheimer’s disease (25 %), but not for glioma and multiple sclero...
Source: Anatomy and Embryology - December 18, 2014 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research

Membrane‐type 1 metalloproteinase is upregulated in microglia/brain macrophages in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases
We previously reported that glioma cells induce the expression of membrane‐type 1 metalloproteinase (MT1‐MMP or MMP‐14) in tumor‐associated microglia/macrophages and promote tumor growth, whereas MMP‐14 expression in microglia under physiological conditions is very low. Here, we show that the increase in MMP‐14 expression is also found in microglia/macrophages associated with neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory pathologies in mouse models as well as in human biopsies or post‐mortem tissue. We found that microglial/macrophage MMP‐14 expression was upregulated in Alzheimer's disease tissue, in active lesi...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - December 10, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Anika Langenfurth, Jan Leo Rinnenthal, Katyayni Vinnakota, Vincent Prinz, Anne‐Sophie Carlo, Christine Stadelmann, Volker Siffrin, Susann Peaschke, Matthias Endres, Frank Heppner, Rainer Glass, Susanne A. Wolf, Helmut Kettenmann Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Organotypic brain slices: a model to study the neurovascular unit micro-environment in epilepsies
This study demonstrates that NVU regulation can be investigated using OHCs. We observed in this model system an increase in vascularization and a down-regulation of TJ proteins, similar to the vascular changes described in a chronic focus of epileptic patients, and in rodent models of epilepsy or inflammation. We observed that Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein disappeared after seizures associated with neuronal damage. In these conditions, the angiopoeitin-1 system was down-regulated, and the application of r-angiopoeitin-1 allowed TJ re-assembly. This article demonstrates that organotypic culture is a useful model to deci...
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - February 7, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Mélanie Morin-BrureauFrédéric De BockMireille Lerner-Natoli Source Type: research

"Pseudostroke": Clinically Diagnosed Ischemia Shown to Be Multiple Sclerosis at Autopsy, A Case Report (P6.266)
CONCLUSIONS:This case emphasizes the difficult clinical and neuroradiological differential between acute stroke and acute MS in a patient presenting with new neurologic deficits with sudden onset. It appears that ADC in very acute lesions of MS may show low signal, contrary to the usual expectations. The high ADC signal reflects the increased extracellular space produced by extracellular edema or demyelination. Acute MS lesions can thus present as "Pseudostrokes".Disclosure: Dr. Uppal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kataria has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rani has nothing to disclose. Dr. Miller has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Uppal, G., Kataria, N., Rani, P., Miller, D. Tags: Cerebrovascular Disease and Interventional Neurology: Case Reports Source Type: research

The Application of Nanomaterials in Stem Cell Therapy for some Neurological Diseases.
Abstract Stem cell therapy provides great promising therapeutic benefits for various neurological disorders. Cell transplantation has emerged as cell replacement application for nerve damage. Recently, nanomaterials obtain wide development in various industrial and medical fields, and nanoparticles have been applied to neuro-medical field for tracking and treating nervous system diseases. Combining stem cell with nanotechnology has raised more and more attentions; and it has demonstrated that it has huge effects on clinical diagnosis and therapeutics in multiple central nervous system diseases, meanwhile, improvin...
Source: Current Drug Targets - March 28, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Zhang G, Khan AA, Wu H, Chen L, Gu Y, Gu N Tags: Curr Drug Targets Source Type: research

Implication of the Kallikrein-Kinin System on Neurological Disorders: Quest for Potential Biomarkers and Mechanisms
Publication date: Available online 31 January 2018 Source:Progress in Neurobiology Author(s): Amaly Nokkari, Hadi Abou-El-Hassan, Yehia Mechref, Stefania Mondello, Mark S. Kindy, Ayad A. Jaffa, Firas Kobeissy Neurological disorders represent major health concerns in terms of comorbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite a tremendous increase in our understanding of the pathophysiological processes involved in disease progression and prevention, the accumulated knowledge so far resulted in relatively moderate translational benefits in terms of therapeutic interventions and enhanced clinical outcomes. Aiming at specific neur...
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - March 2, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Implication of the Kallikrein-Kinin system in neurological disorders: Quest for potential biomarkers and mechanisms
Publication date: June–August 2018 Source:Progress in Neurobiology, Volumes 165–167 Author(s): Amaly Nokkari, Hadi Abou-El-Hassan, Yehia Mechref, Stefania Mondello, Mark S. Kindy, Ayad A. Jaffa, Firas Kobeissy Neurological disorders represent major health concerns in terms of comorbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite a tremendous increase in our understanding of the pathophysiological processes involved in disease progression and prevention, the accumulated knowledge so far resulted in relatively moderate translational benefits in terms of therapeutic interventions and enhanced clinical outcomes. Aiming at specific...
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - June 26, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Targeting pericytes for therapeutic approaches to neurological disorders
AbstractMany  central nervous system diseases currently lack effective treatment and are often associated with defects in microvascular function, including a failure to match the energy supplied by the blood to the energy used on neuronal computation, or a breakdown of the blood–brain barrier. Pericytes, an u nder-studied cell type located on capillaries, are of crucial importance in regulating diverse microvascular functions, such as angiogenesis, the blood–brain barrier, capillary blood flow and the movement of immune cells into the brain. They also form part of the “glial” scar isolating damaged parts of the CN...
Source: Acta Neuropathologica - August 10, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Connecting Metainflammation and Neuroinflammation Through the PTN-MK-RPTP β/ζ Axis: Relevance in Therapeutic Development
Conclusion The expression of the components of the PTN-MK-RPTPβ/ζ axis in immune cells and in inflammatory diseases suggests important roles for this axis in inflammation. Pleiotrophin has been recently identified as a limiting factor of metainflammation, a chronic pathological state that contributes to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Pleiotrophin also seems to potentiate acute neuroinflammation independently of the inflammatory stimulus while MK seems to play different -even opposite- roles in acute neuroinflammation depending on the stimulus. Which are the functions of MK and PTN in chronic neuroi...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Repurposing multiple sclerosis drugs: a review of studies in other neurological and psychiatric conditions.
Abstract Treatment options for multiple sclerosis (MS) have improved in the past 20 years, with new oral disease-modifying drugs and monoclonal antibodies becoming available. The success seen with these drugs in MS, and their various mechanisms of action, has led to them being investigated in other neurological and psychiatric disorders. This review article summarises the ongoing and completed studies of MS drugs in neurological and psychiatric conditions other than MS. The most promising results are for interferon beta in human T cell leukaemia virus 1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis and glioma...
Source: Drug Discovery Today - May 13, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Rommer PS, Sellner J Tags: Drug Discov Today Source Type: research

Intractable Central Pain in a Patient With Diffuse Glioma
Central neuropathic pain can be difficult to treat and, subsequently, cause a great amount of disability and distress to patients, which limits quality of life. Common etiologies include the following: stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, infection, vasculitis, and malignancy. This case is a description of an 18-yr-old male patient diagnosed with a grade IV diffuse glioma who experienced severe neuropathic pain refractory to first-line treatment options including the following: gabapentinoids, tricyclic antidepressants, and selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. The patient remained on high-...
Source: American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation - August 17, 2019 Category: Rehabilitation Tags: Case Report Source Type: research