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Determining the role of SGLT2 inhibition with Empagliflozin in the development of diabetic retinopathy
Biosci Rep. 2022 Mar 31;42(3):BSR20212209. doi: 10.1042/BSR20212209.ABSTRACTDiabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that occurs when the pancreas is not producing enough insulin or when the insulin that it does produce is not able to be used effectively in the body. This results in hyperglycemia and if the blood sugars are not controlled, then it can lead to serious damage of various body systems, especially the nerves and the blood vessels. Uncontrolled diabetes is a major cause of kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke and amputation. One of the most devastating complications for patients is diabetic retinopathy ...
Source: Bioscience Reports - March 2, 2022 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Jennifer Matthews Lakshini Herat Jennifer Rooney Elizabeth Rakoczy Markus Schlaich Vance B Matthews Source Type: research

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition for the reduction of cardiovascular events in high-risk patients with diabetes mellitus.
Abstract Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibit an increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) events. Hyperglycemia itself contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and heart failure (HF) in these patients, but glucose-lowering strategies studied to date have had little or no impact on reducing CV risk, especially in patients with a long duration of T2DM and prevalent CV disease (CVD). Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are the new class of glucose-lowering medications that increase urinary glucose excretion, thus improving glycemic control, independent of insulin. The recently p...
Source: Indian Heart J - November 1, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Pancholia AK Tags: Indian Heart J Source Type: research

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition for the reduction of cardiovascular events in high-risk patients with diabetes mellitus
Publication date: Available online 1 September 2018Source: Indian Heart JournalAuthor(s): A.K. PancholiaAbstractPatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibit an increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) events. Hyperglycemia itself contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and heart failure (HF) in these patients, but glucose-lowering strategies studied to date have had little or no impact on reducing CV risk, especially in patients with a long duration of T2DM and prevalent CV disease (CVD). Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2)-inhibitors are the new class of glucose lowering medications that increase urin...
Source: Indian Heart Journal - September 1, 2018 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and ischemic stroke.
CONCLUSION: Despite the multiple pleiotropic effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors, these agents do not appear to affect stroke risk. Ongoing large trials with longer follow-up will evaluate whether the pleiotropic effects of this class will translate into benefits in ischemic stroke prevention. PMID: 29412119 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cardiovascular and Hematological Disorders Drug Targets - February 9, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets Source Type: research

Benefits of SGLT2 Inhibitors beyond glycemic control - A focus on metabolic, cardiovascular, and renal outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: SGLT2 inhibitors demonstrate some positive metabolic effects. In addition, empagliflozin specifically has demonstrated reduction in cardiovascular events and delay in the progression of kidney disease in patients with T2DM and a history of cardiovascular disease. Further data is needed to assess if this is a class effect. PMID: 28814245 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current Diabetes Reviews - August 16, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Minze MG, Will K, Terrell BT, Black RL, Irons BK Tags: Curr Diabetes Rev Source Type: research

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition for the reduction of cardiovascular events in high-risk patients with diabetes mellitus
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) exhibit an increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) events. Hyperglycaemia itself contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and heart failure (HF) in these patients, but glucose-lowering strategies studied to date have had little to no impact on reducing CV risk, especially in patients with a long duration of T2D and prevalent CV disease (CVD). Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a novel class of anti-hyperglycaemic medications that increase urinary glucose excretion, thus improving glycaemic control independent of insulin. The recently published CV outc...
Source: European Heart Journal - November 16, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Marx, N., McGuire, D. K. Tags: Clinical update Source Type: research

Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Diabetes: Cardiovascular and Kidney Effects, Potential Mechanisms and Clinical Applications.
Abstract Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, including empagliflozin, dapagliflozin and canagliflozin, are now widely approved anti-hyperglycemic therapies. Due to their unique glycosuric mechanism, SGLT2 inhibitors also reduce weight. Perhaps more importantly are osmotic diuretic and natriuretic effects contributing to plasma volume contraction, and decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BP) by 4-6/1-2 mmHg, respectively, which may underlie cardiovascular and kidney benefits. SGLT2 inhibition is also associated with an acute, dose-dependent reduction in eGFR by ~5 ml/min/1.73m(2) and...
Source: Circulation - July 27, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Heerspink HJ, Perkins BA, Fitchett DH, Husain M, Cherney DZ Tags: Circulation Source Type: research

Potential role of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension
Purpose of review: The majority of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have hypertension requiring combination therapy. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are novel glucose-lowering drugs with shared and potentially unique beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk beyond glycemic control. This review focuses on the potential role of SGLT2 inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension associated with T2DM. Recent findings: SGLT2 inhibitors reduce office SBP by 3–5 mmHg and DBP by 2–3 mmHg across all class members. Corresponding clinically meaningful, significant blood pressure (BP) lowering e...
Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension - February 5, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HYPERTENSION: Edited by Nancy J. Brown Source Type: research

Empagliflozin: a new treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Authors: Dailey GE Abstract Empagliflozin is an oral sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor that reduces hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by decreasing renal glucose reabsorption and promoting urinary glucose excretion. In clinical trials, empagliflozin demonstrated significant improvements in glycemic control, as monotherapy and in combination regimens. In addition, empagliflozin was associated with weight loss and moderate reductions in blood pressure. In the EMPA-REG OUTCOME study, empagliflozin significantly reduced the risk of the composite primary endpoint of cardiovascular death, no...
Source: Drugs of Today - October 23, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Drugs Today (Barc) Source Type: research