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What Causes Microcephaly?
Discussion Microcephaly is usually defined as an occipitofrontal head circumference (OFC) more than 2 standard deviations (SD) below the mean for sex, age and ethnicity. Severe microcephaly is used for OFC < 3 standard deviations. Rates of microcephaly range from 0.5-12 patients/10,000 live births. The OFC should be measured at every well child visit and at other opportunities and plotted on standard growth charts. The OFC is measured using a nonelastic tape measure around the largest part of the head with the tape measure held above the eyebrows and ears. It is a highly reproducible measurement. There are several diff...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - September 25, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Analysis Strengthens Herpes Zoster Link With Stroke, MI Analysis Strengthens Herpes Zoster Link With Stroke, MI
More research is needed to elucidate the effect of antiviral-agent use or vaccination on cardiovascular outcomes after herpes zoster infection, the authors said.Medscape Medical News
Source: Medscape Medical News Headlines - July 11, 2017 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Cardiology News Source Type: news

Prevention of Herpes Zoster and its complications: from the clinic to the real life experience with the vaccine.
Abstract The Herpes Zoster (HZ) is an acute viral illness characterized by a vesicular rash, with unilateral distribution, which can eventually cause severe complications, such as the post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN), the ophthalmic zoster, stroke or other neurological complications. In Europe, an incidence between 2.0 and 4.6 cases per 1,000 persons-year is estimated, with an increase after 50 years of age. Currently, the therapeutic options for HZ are only partially effective to limit the acute phase, while the management of complications is frequently complex and not satisfactory. The overall burden of the disease...
Source: Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 3, 2016 Category: Microbiology Authors: Gabutti G, Valente N, Kuhdari P, Lupi S, Stefanati A Tags: J Med Microbiol Source Type: research

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus and varicella zoster virus vasculopathy
ABSTRACT Herpes zoster (HZ) corresponds to the reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV). Among adults, the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve is one of the most common sites of involvement. Vasculopathy caused by HZ is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, affecting structures such as the brain, which can lead to stroke. In this review, we analyzed the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the vascular involvement of VZV, focusing on the peculiarities of its association with ocular HZ. A review of the available literature indicated that ocular involvement of HZ was a risk factor for vasculopat...
Source: Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia - May 24, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Comment on: "measurement and clinical implications of choroidal thickness in patients with inflammatory bowel disease"
ABSTRACT Herpes zoster (HZ) corresponds to the reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV). Among adults, the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve is one of the most common sites of involvement. Vasculopathy caused by HZ is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, affecting structures such as the brain, which can lead to stroke. In this review, we analyzed the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the vascular involvement of VZV, focusing on the peculiarities of its association with ocular HZ. A review of the available literature indicated that ocular involvement of HZ was a risk factor for vasculopat...
Source: Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia - May 24, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Evaluation of a simulation tool in ophthalmology: application in teaching funduscopy
ABSTRACT Herpes zoster (HZ) corresponds to the reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV). Among adults, the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve is one of the most common sites of involvement. Vasculopathy caused by HZ is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, affecting structures such as the brain, which can lead to stroke. In this review, we analyzed the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the vascular involvement of VZV, focusing on the peculiarities of its association with ocular HZ. A review of the available literature indicated that ocular involvement of HZ was a risk factor for vasculopat...
Source: Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia - May 24, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Acquired restrictive strabismus in infancy associated with neurofibromatosis type 2
ABSTRACT Herpes zoster (HZ) corresponds to the reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV). Among adults, the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve is one of the most common sites of involvement. Vasculopathy caused by HZ is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, affecting structures such as the brain, which can lead to stroke. In this review, we analyzed the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the vascular involvement of VZV, focusing on the peculiarities of its association with ocular HZ. A review of the available literature indicated that ocular involvement of HZ was a risk factor for vasculopat...
Source: Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia - May 24, 2016 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Biological Plausibility of a Link Between Arterial Ischemic Stroke and Infection with Varicella-Zoster Virus or Herpes Simplex Virus.
Abstract There are now 9 human herpesviruses; the increase from 8 to 9 was caused by a recent decision to split human herpesvirus (HHV) strains 6A and 6B into distinct species. The 9 species are subdivided into three subfamilies, called alpha: herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 and varicella-zoster virus (VZV); beta: cytomegalovirus (CMV), HHV6A, HHV6B and HHV7; gamma: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (sometimes called HHV8). These same herpesviruses have evolved with humankind around the world since the great migration of modern humans across the Mandeb Strait out of Afri...
Source: Circulation - January 26, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Grose C Tags: Circulation Source Type: research

Acute Cardiovascular Events after Herpes Zoster: A Self-Controlled Case Series Analysis in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Older Residents of the United States
Conclusions Stroke and MI rates are transiently increased after exposure to herpes zoster. We found no evidence for a role of zoster vaccination in these associations. These findings enhance our understanding of the temporality and magnitude of the association between zoster and acute cardiovascular events.
Source: PLoS Medicine - December 15, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Caroline Minassian et al. Source Type: research

Do statins interfere with the flu vaccine?
Statins are powerful, unusual, and, like El Niño and Tom Cruise, not well understood. Statins have a huge upside. They improve survival after heart attacks and lower the risk of recurrent strokes. They are also the only cholesterol-lowering medications that have been clearly shown to reduce heart attacks and deaths in high-risk patients without heart disease. In addition to reducing cholesterol, statins also lower levels of inflammation in the body. Reducing inflammation probably helps statins to prevent heart attack and stroke. However, evidence is emerging that these statin effects may also have a downside, hindering th...
Source: New Harvard Health Information - November 30, 2015 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: John Ross, MD, FIDSA Tags: Cold and Flu Drugs and Supplements Health Heart Health Vaccines flu vaccine statins Source Type: news

Prospective surveillance of hospitalisations associated with varicella in New Zealand children
ConclusionVaricella has more associated morbidity than commonly perceived in immunocompetent children. Māori and PI children are more likely to have complications. This surveillance gives support for inclusion of universal varicella vaccine in the NZ NIS.
Source: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health - June 3, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Sophie Chien‐Hui Wen, Emma Best, Tony Walls, Nigel Dickson, Hamish McCay, Elizabeth Wilson Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

The immunocompromised district in dermatology: A unifying pathogenic view of the regional immune dysregulation.
Abstract Besides the systemic immune deficiency, a sectorial default in immune control may occur in immunocompetent subjects. This regional immune defect can appear and remain confined to differently damaged skin areas, lately labeled immunocompromised districts (ICDs). An ICD is a skin area more vulnerable than the rest of the body for genetic or acquired reasons. Its vulnerability mainly consists in a local dysregulation of the immune control, which often facilitates (but sometimes hinders) the local onset of immunity-related eruptions or skin disorders. The factors responsible for localized immune dysregulation...
Source: Herpes - August 30, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ruocco V, Ruocco E, Piccolo V, Brunetti G, Guerrera LP, Wolf R Tags: Clin Dermatol Source Type: research

The immunocompromised district in dermatology: A unifying pathogenic view of the regional immune dysregulation
Abstract: Besides the systemic immune deficiency, a sectorial default in immune control may occur in immunocompetent subjects. This regional immune defect can appear and remain confined to differently damaged skin areas, lately labeled immunocompromised districts (ICDs).An ICD is a skin area more vulnerable than the rest of the body for genetic or acquired reasons. Its vulnerability mainly consists in a local dysregulation of the immune control, which often facilitates (but sometimes hinders) the local onset of immunity-related eruptions or skin disorders.The factors responsible for localized immune dysregulation are multi...
Source: Clinics in Dermatology - August 25, 2014 Category: Dermatology Authors: Vincenzo Ruocco, Eleonora Ruocco, Vincenzo Piccolo, Giampiero Brunetti, Luigi Pio Guerrera, Ronni Wolf Source Type: research

The New Old Age: When Shingles Is Just the Beginning
A new study links shingles to a higher risk of stroke.
Source: NYT Health - May 16, 2014 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: By PAULA SPAN Tags: Elder Care Shingles (Disease) Herpes Viruses Medical Issues Vaccination and Immunization Source Type: news

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