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Stroke Rehabilitation: Therapy Robots and Assistive Devices.
Authors: Klamroth-Marganska V Abstract Motor impairments after stroke are often persistent and disabling, and women are less likely to recover and show poorer functional outcomes. To regain motor function after stroke, rehabilitation robots are increasingly integrated into clinics. The devices fall into two main classes: robots developed to train lost motor function after stroke (therapy devices) and robots designed to compensate for lost skills (i.e., assistive devices). The article provides an overview of therapeutic options with robots for motor rehabilitation after stroke. PMID: 30051408 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - July 29, 2018 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Hemodynamic and Electrocardiographic Aspects of Uncomplicated Singleton Pregnancy.
Authors: Fu Q Abstract Pregnancy is associated with significant changes in maternal hemodynamics, which are triggered by profound systemic vasodilation and mediated through the autonomic nervous system as well as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Vascular function changes to help accommodate an increase in intravascular volume due to blood volume expansion associated with pregnancy while maintaining the efficiency of ventricular-arterial coupling and diastolic perfusion pressure. The heart undergoes physiological (eccentric) hypertrophy due to increased volume load and cardiac stroke work, whereas the funct...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - July 29, 2018 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Cerebral Circulation in Men and Women.
Authors: Memon A, McCullough LD Abstract Despite several advancements in stroke care, disparities continue to exist with regard to sex differences in cerebrovascular disease. These sex differences are due to a combination of several factors, many of which are unique to the female sex. Some of these unique factors, such as pregnancy and menopause, are related to hormonal changes seen throughout the female life cycle. Hormonal fluctuations, which impact the protective effects of the female sex hormones, can be induced by the use of hormonal contraception. Other risk factors, although present in both sexes, have a hig...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - July 29, 2018 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Arterial Flow, Pulse Pressure and Pulse Wave Velocity in Men and Women at Various Ages.
Authors: Avolio AP, Kuznetsova T, Heyndrickx GR, Kerkhof PLM, Li JK Abstract The increase in pulse pressure (PP) that occurs with advancing age is predominantly due to reduced arterial distensibility leading to decreased aortic compliance, particularly in the elderly, in whom high blood pressure mainly manifests as isolated systolic hypertension. Since age-related changes in stroke volume are minimal compared with changes in PP, PP is often considered a surrogate measure of arterial stiffness. However, since PP is determined by both cardiac and arterial function, a more precise and reliable means of assessment of a...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - July 29, 2018 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Sex Differences in Regulation of Blood Pressure.
Authors: Reckelhoff JF Abstract Hypertension is one of the leading risk factors for cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke. There are gender differences in the prevalence of hypertension and in the mechanisms responsible for hypertension in humans. This review will discuss the mechanisms for regulation of blood pressure, sex differences that have been identified in animal studies, and the gender differences that have been identified in humans. PMID: 30051382 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - July 29, 2018 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Sex Differences in Epidemiology of Cardiac and Vascular Disease.
Authors: Kuznetsova T Abstract In spite of a remarkable decline in death rates from cardiovascular disease (CVD) observed over the last decades, CVD still remains the leading cause of mortality in both men and women worldwide. Overall the age-adjusted CVD mortality and morbidity rates are highest in men than in women. However, the risk of CVD in women should not be underestimated given that approximately one of two women in developed countries will die of mostly preventable heart diseases or stroke. Although men and women share the same cardiovascular risk factors, there are substantial sex differences in the first...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - July 29, 2018 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Neurological Disorders Associated with Human Alphaherpesviruses.
Authors: Kawada JI Abstract Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis is the most common cause of sporadic fatal encephalitis worldwide, and central nervous system (CNS) involvement is observed in approximately one-third of neonatal HSV infections . In recent years, single-gene inborn errors of innate immunity have been shown to be associated with susceptibility to HSV encephalitis . Temporal lobe abnormalities revealed by magnetic resonance imaging-the most sensitive imaging method for HSV encephalitis-are considered strong evidence for the disease. Detection of HSV DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid by polymerase chain...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - June 15, 2018 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Metallomics Applied to the  Study of Neurodegenerative and Mental Diseases.
Metallomics Applied to the Study of Neurodegenerative and Mental Diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1055:21-37 Authors: Sussulini A, Hauser-Davis RA Abstract Biochemical imbalances, provoked by aging or a secondary illness, might directly affect the brain, causing severe problems, such as loss of memory or alteration of behavior patterns. Brain disorders are usually classified as injuries (such as stroke, hematomas, and concussions), tumors, and neurodegenerative (such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases) and mental (such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia) diseases. As the pathophysiolo...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - June 11, 2018 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Perspective on Broad-Acting Clinical Physiological Effects of Photobiomodulation.
Authors: Shanks S, Leisman G Abstract Research into photobiomodulation reveals beneficial effects of light therapy for a rapidly expanding list of medical conditions and illnesses. Although it has become more widely accepted by the mainstream medicine, the effects and mechanisms of action appear to be poorly understood. The therapeutic benefits of photobiomodulation using low-energy red lasers extend far beyond superficial applications, with a well-described physics allowing an understanding of how red lasers of certain optimum intensities may cross the cranium. We now have a model for explaining potential therapeu...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - March 27, 2018 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Improvement in Hand Trajectory of Reaching Movements by Error-Augmentation.
Authors: Israely S, Leisman G, Carmeli E Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate whether adaptive responses to error-augmentation force fields, would decrease the trajectory errors in hand-reaching movements in multiple directions in healthy individuals. The study was conducted, as a randomized controlled trial, in 41 healthy subjects. The study group trained on a 3D robotic system, applying error-augmenting forces on the hand during the execution of tasks. The control group carried out the same protocol in null-field conditions. A mixed-model ANOVA was implemented to investigate the interaction betwe...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - March 24, 2018 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Physical Training and Cardiac Rehabilitation in Heart Failure Patients.
Authors: de Gregorio C Abstract Regardless of advances in medical and interventional treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD), a limited number of patients attend a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programme on a regular basis. Due to modern therapies more individuals will be surviving an acute cardiovascular event, but the expected burden of chronic heart failure will be increasing worldwide.However, both in high- and low-income countries, secondary prevention after an acute myocardial infarction or stroke has been implemented in less than a half of eligible patients.Combined interventions are still needed to reduce d...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - February 18, 2018 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases: Clinical and Genetic Update.
Authors: Matilla-Dueñas A, Corral-Juan M, Rodríguez-Palmero Seuma A, Vilas D, Ispierto L, Morais S, Sequeiros J, Alonso I, Volpini V, Serrano-Munuera C, Pintos-Morell G, Álvarez R, Sánchez I Abstract More than 600 human disorders afflict the nervous system. Of these, neurodegenerative diseases are usually characterised by onset in late adulthood, progressive clinical course, and neuronal loss with regional specificity in the central nervous system. They include Alzheimer's disease and other less frequent dementias, brain cancer, degenerative nerve diseases, encephalitis, epilepsy, genetic brain disorders, head ...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - December 9, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Ambient Air Pollution and Morbidity in Chinese.
This study aims to evaluate the impact of rapid urbanization on status of ambient air pollution and associated adverse health effects on the incidence and the burden of CND and risk assessment. Our findings would be greatly significant in the prediction of the risk of ambient air pollution on CND and for evidence-based policy making and risk management in China. PMID: 29177961 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - November 29, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Gene Addition Strategies for β-Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Anemia.
Authors: Dong AC, Rivella S Abstract Beta-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia are two of the most common diseases related to the hemoglobin protein. In these diseases, the beta-globin gene is mutated, causing severe anemia and ineffective erythropoiesis. Patients can additionally present with a number of life-threatening co-morbidities, such as stroke or spontaneous fractures. Current treatment involves transfusion and iron chelation; allogeneic bone marrow transplant is the only curative option, but is limited by the availability of matching donors and graft-versus-host disease. As these two diseases are monogenic ...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - November 13, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Vitamin D, Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Factors.
Authors: Skaaby T, Thuesen BH, Linneberg A Abstract Observational studies have suggested a possible protective role of vitamin D on the cardiovascular system. The available evidence does not support either cardiovascular benefits or harms of vitamin D supplementation. This chapter provides an overview and discussion of the current knowledge of vitamin D effects from a cardiovascular health perspective. It focuses on vitamin D in relation to cardiovascular disease, i.e. ischemic heart disease, and stroke; the traditional cardiovascular risk factors hypertension, abnormal blood lipids, obesity; and the emerging risk ...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - November 12, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

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