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Source: Neurochemical Research

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Total 300 results found since Jan 2013.

Impact of Carotid Atherosclerosis Combined with Hypercholesterolemia on Cerebral Microvessels and Brain Parenchyma in a New Complex Rat Model.
The objective of this study was to develop a new model of hypercholesterolemia plus carotid injury and to investigate the impact of carotid atherosclerosis combined with hypercholesterolemia in the rat brain. The complex rat model was developed by carotid injury induced by an air-drying endothelial denudation method after high cholesterol diet for 2 weeks. Plasma cholesterol, carotid pathomorphology, oxidative stress and inflammation in cerebral microvessels and brain parenchyma were measured at 7, 14 and 28 days after carotid surgery. The results showed that plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and low density lip...
Source: Neurochemical Research - January 29, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhang L, Ya B, Yang P, Sun F, Zhang L, Li Y, Li L Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Daphnetin, a Natural Coumarin Derivative, Provides the Neuroprotection Against Glutamate-Induced Toxicity in HT22 Cells and Ischemic Brain Injury.
In this study, we found that DAP treatment (i.c.v.) reduced the infarct volume at 24 h after ischemia/reperfusion injury and improved neurological behaviors in a middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model. Moreover, we provided evidences that DAP had protective effects on infarct volume in neonate rats even it was administrated at 4 h after cerebral hypoxia/ischemia injury. To explore its neuroprotective mechanisms of DAP, we examined the protection of DAP on glutamate toxicity-induced cell death in hippocampal HT-22 cells. Our results demonstrated that DAP protected against glutamate toxicity in HT-22 cells in a conce...
Source: Neurochemical Research - December 17, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Du G, Tu H, Li X, Pei A, Chen J, Miao Z, Li J, Wang C, Xie H, Xu X, Zhao H Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Probenecid Protects Against Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemic Injury by Inhibiting HMGB1 Release and Attenuating AQP4 Expression in Mice.
Abstract Stroke results in inflammation, brain edema, and neuronal death. However, effective neuroprotectants are not available. Recent studies have shown that high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes to ischemic brain injury. Aquaporin 4 (AQP4), a water channel protein, is considered to play a pivotal role in ischemia-induced brain edema. More recently, studies have shown that pannexin 1 channels are involved in cerebral ischemic injury and the cellular inflammatory response. Here, we examined whether the pannexin 1 channel inhibitor probenecid could reduce focal ischemic brain i...
Source: Neurochemical Research - December 7, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Xiong XX, Gu LJ, Shen J, Kang XH, Zheng YY, Yue SB, Zhu SM Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

The Relationship Between Serum Mannose-Binding Lectin Levels and Acute Ischemic Stroke Risk.
Abstract Complement activation and inflammation have been suggested in the pathogenesis of stroke, mannose-binding lectin (MBL) were found to have roles during the process. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and serum MBL levels in Chinese population. From January 1 to June 30 2013, all patients with first-ever AIS were recruited to participate in the study. Serum MBL levels and routine test were examined. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was assessed on admission blinded to MBL levels. During the inclusion period, 148 patients ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - December 6, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wang ZY, Sun ZR, Zhang LM Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Protective Effect of Shikonin in Experimental Ischemic Stroke: Attenuated TLR4, p-p38MAPK, NF-κB, TNF-α and MMP-9 Expression, Up-Regulated Claudin-5 Expression, Ameliorated BBB Permeability.
Abstract Inflammatory damage plays an important role in cerebral ischemic pathogenesis and represents a new target for treatment of stroke. Shikonin has gained attention for its prominent anti-inflammatory property, but up to now little is known about shikonin treatment in acute ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential neuroprotective role of shikonin in cerebral ischemic injury, and investigate whether shikonin modulated inflammatory responses after stroke. Focal cerebral ischemia in male ICR mice was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Shikonin (10 and 25 mg/kg) wa...
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wang L, Li Z, Zhang X, Wang S, Zhu C, Miao J, Chen L, Cui L, Qiao H Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Effects of Amide Creatine Derivatives in Brain Hippocampal Slices, and Their Possible Usefulness for Curing Creatine Transporter Deficiency.
Abstract The creatine/phosphocreatine system carries ATP from production to consumption sites and buffers the intracellular content of ATP at times of energy deprivation. The creatine transporter deficiency syndrome is an X-linked disease caused by a defective creatine transporter into the central nervous system. This disease is presently untreatable because creatine lacking its carrier cannot cross neither the blood-brain barrier nor the cell plasma membranes. Possible strategies to cure this condition are to couple creatine to molecules which have their own carrier, to exploit the latter to cross biological memb...
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 12, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Garbati P, Adriano E, Salis A, Ravera S, Damonte G, Millo E, Balestrino M Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Candesartan Reduces the Hemorrhage Associated with Delayed Tissue Plasminogen Activator Treatment in Rat Embolic Stroke.
Abstract We have previously reported that angiotensin receptor blockade reduces reperfusion hemorrhage in a suture occlusion model of stroke, despite increasing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) activity. We hypothesized that candesartan will also decrease hemorrhage associated with delayed (6 h) tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) administration after embolic stroke, widening the therapeutic time window of tPA. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (eMCAO) and treated with either candesartan (1 mg/kg) alone early at 3 h, delayed tPA (10 mg/kg) alone at 6 h, the combi...
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 6, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ishrat T, Pillai B, Ergul A, Hafez S, Fagan SC Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

A Novel Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor Protects Against Cell Death After Hypoxia.
In this study, we investigated how TM6008 affects cell survival after hypoxic conditions capable of inducing HIF-1α expression and how TM6008 regulates PHDs and genes downstream of HIF-1α. After SHSY-5Y cells had been subjected to hypoxia, TM6008 was added to the cell culture medium under normoxic conditions. Apoptotic cell death was significantly augmented just after the hypoxic conditions, compared with cell death under normoxic conditions. Notably, when TM6008 was added to the media after the cells had been subjected to hypoxia, the expression level of HIF-1α increased and the number of cell deaths decreased, compare...
Source: Neurochemical Research - October 17, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kontani S, Nagata E, Uesugi T, Moriya Y, Fujii N, Miyata T, Takizawa S Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

XQ-1H Suppresses Neutrophils Infiltration and Oxidative Stress Induced by Cerebral Ischemia Injury Both In Vivo and In Vitro.
In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities of XQ-1H in vivo and vitro. In our study, rats were treating with XQ-1H (31.2, 15.6 and 7.8 mg/kg) after middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery. Primary cultured cortical rat neurons were treated with Na2S2O4 for 1.5 h to mimic hypoxia and reoxygenation injury in vitro. Cortical neurons were preincubated with XQ-1H (100, 10, 1 μM) 24 h before hypoxic injury. Brain edema was evaluated by brain water content. Neutrophil infiltration was determined by fluorescence imaging method and myeloperoxidase assay. Intercellular adhesion molecule ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - October 12, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wei J, Fang W, Sha L, Han D, Zhang R, Hao X, Li Y Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Changes in Levels of Hypoxia-Induced Mediators in Rat Hippocampus During Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion.
Abstract The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-mediated signaling pathway is an adaptive and protective mechanism that is triggered by hypoxia, ischemia, and other pathophysiological conditions. The expression of HIF-1α and downstream genes, some of which are pro-apoptotic whereas others are pro-survival, is up-regulated in ischemic stroke. Interestingly, however, the effects of HIF-1α activation are different in the early and late stages of acute cerebral ischemia, and these differences may depend on the duration and severity of hypoxia. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effect of HIF-1α activa...
Source: Neurochemical Research - September 26, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yang Y, Zhang J, Liu H, Wang J, Xin J, Deng M Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Tetrandrine Attenuated Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Induced Differential Proteomic Changes in a MCAO Mice Model Using 2-D DIGE.
Abstract Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke and brings about a big disease burden because of high mortality and disability in China. Tetrandrine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herb Radix Stephania tetrandra, has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging effects and even regulate astrocyte activation, but the possible role of tetrandrine in ameliorating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury of ischemic stroke remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of tetrandrine on neurological injury and differential proteomic ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ruan L, Huang HS, Jin WX, Chen HM, Li XJ, Gong QJ Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Intracellular Ion Channel CLIC1: Involvement in Microglia-Mediated β-Amyloid Peptide(1-42) Neurotoxicity.
Abstract Microglia can exacerbate central nervous system disorders, including stroke and chronic progressive neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease. Mounting evidence points to ion channels expressed by microglia as contributing to these neuropathologies. The Chloride Intracellular Channel (CLIC) family represents a class of chloride intracellular channel proteins, most of which are localized to intracellular membranes. CLICs are unusual in that they possess both soluble and integral membrane forms. Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) accumulation in plaques is a hallmark of familial Alzheimer disease. The trun...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 7, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Skaper SD, Facci L, Giusti P Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Neuroprotective Evaluation of Tilia americana and Annona diversifolia in the Neuronal Damage Induced by Intestinal Ischemia.
This study was conducted to test aqueous and organic extracts of these two plants for neuroprotective effects in a novel experimental model of intestinal ischemia in situ. T. americana and A. diversifolia aqueous and organic extracts were administrated to guinea pigs at an oral dose of 100 and 300 mg/kg for 15 days. Twenty four hours after the last administration, the animals were anesthetized and intestinal ischemia in situ was induced by clamping for 80 min selected branches of the superior mesenteric artery. Ischemic segments placed in an in vitro organ bath were stimulated electrically (0.3 Hz frequency, 3.0 ms du...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 6, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Angeles-López GE, González-Trujano ME, Déciga-Campos M, Ventura-Martínez R Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Reduced beta-catenin expression in the hippocampal CA1 region following transient cerebral ischemia in the gerbil.
In this study, we examined changes of expression in beta-catenin in the hippocampal CA1 region of the gerbil following 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. We observed neuronal damage using cresyl violet staining, neuronal nuclei immunohistochemistry and Fluro-Jade B immunofluorescence. Four days after ischemia-reperfusion (I-R), most of pyramidal cells in the CA1 region were damaged. In addition, early damage in dendrites was detected 1 day after I-R by immunohistochemical staining for microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2), and MAP-2 immunoreactivity was hardly detected in the CA1 region 4 days after I-R. We found tha...
Source: Neurochemical Research - May 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Cho JH, Yan BC, Lee YJ, Park JH, Ahn JH, Kim IH, Lee JC, Kim YM, Lee B, Cho JH, Won MH Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Effects of SARA on oxygen-glucose deprivation in PC12 cell line.
Abstract Ischemic stroke is a major composition of cerebrovascular disease, seriously threatening to human health in the world. Activin A (ActA), belonging to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) super family, plays an important role in the hypoxic-ischemic brain injury through ActA/Smads pathway. While as an essential phosphorylation assistor in TGF-β signaling, the functions and mechanisms of smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) in ischemic brain injury remain poorly understood. To solve this problem and explore the pathological processes of ischemic stroke, we used an Oxygen-Glucose deprivation (OGD)...
Source: Neurochemical Research - May 1, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wang JQ, He JT, Du ZW, Li ZS, Liu YF, Mang J, Xu ZX Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research