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Source: Neurochemical Research

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Total 300 results found since Jan 2013.

The Leukocentric Theory of Neurological Disorder: A Manifesto.
Abstract Approximately half of the human brain is composed of white matter (WM), a specialized tissue housing the axonal projection of neurons and their necessary supporting glial cells. Axons course long distances from their parent soma, have a delicate structure, large surface area and in many cases are dependent upon a uniquely close morphological arrangement with myelinating oligodendrocyte partners; all factors that may predispose them to injury and disease. WM damage is central to a range of well-characterized disorders including multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury and is also makes a significant contr...
Source: Neurochemical Research - April 25, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Fern R Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

14-3-3 Isoforms Differentially Regulate NF κB Signaling in the Brain After Ischemia-Reperfusion.
14-3-3 Isoforms Differentially Regulate NFκB Signaling in the Brain After Ischemia-Reperfusion. Neurochem Res. 2017 Apr 19;: Authors: Zhou XY, Hu DX, Chen RQ, Chen XQ, Dong WL, Yi CL Abstract Mammalian 14-3-3 isoforms exist predominantly in the brain and are heavily involved in neurological diseases. However, the isoform-specific role of 14-3-3 proteins in the brain remains largely unclear. Here, we investigated the role of 14-3-3 isoforms in rat brains after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion. 14-3-3β, η, γ and ζ but not ε or τ were selectively upregulated in cerebral c...
Source: Neurochemical Research - April 19, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhou XY, Hu DX, Chen RQ, Chen XQ, Dong WL, Yi CL Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Senicapoc: Repurposing a Drug to Target Microglia KCa3.1 in Stroke.
Abstract Stroke is the leading cause of serious long-term disability and the fifth leading cause of death in the United States. Treatment options for stroke are few in number and limited in efficacy. Neuroinflammation mediated by microglia and infiltrating peripheral immune cells is a major component of stroke pathophysiology. Interfering with the inflammation cascade after stroke holds the promise to modulate stroke outcome. The calcium activated potassium channel KCa3.1 is expressed selectively in the injured CNS by microglia. KCa3.1 function has been implicated in pro-inflammatory activation of microglia and th...
Source: Neurochemical Research - March 31, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Staal RG, Weinstein JR, Nattini M, Cajina M, Chandresana G, Möller T Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Isoflurane Postconditioning Inhibits tPA-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinases Activation After Hypoxic Injury via Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathway.
Abstract Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only recommended pharmacological treatment for acute ischemic stroke. However, tPA can induce intracerebral hemorrhage by blood-brain barrier breakdown through an increase in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Previously, we showed that isoflurane postconditioning reduced intracranial hemorrhage following tPA treatment after cerebral ischemia. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which isoflurane postconditioning reduces tPA-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation following hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in brain endothelial cells. Mouse brain endothelial cells (bEnd.3) ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - March 15, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kim SY, Cheon SY, Kim EJ, Lee JH, Kam EH, Kim JM, Park M, Koo BN Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Validation of a Preclinical Drug Screening Platform for Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy.
Abstract The successful identification of promising investigational therapies for the treatment of epilepsy can be credited to the use of numerous animal models of seizure and epilepsy for over 80 years. In this time, the maximal electroshock test in mice and rats, the subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol test in mice and rats, and more recently the 6 Hz assay in mice, have been utilized as primary models of electrically or chemically-evoked seizures in neurologically intact rodents. In addition, rodent kindling models, in which chronic network hyperexcitability has developed, have been used to identify new agents. It...
Source: Neurochemical Research - March 15, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Barker-Haliski ML, Johnson K, Billingsley P, Huff J, Handy LJ, Khaleel R, Lu Z, Mau MJ, Pruess TH, Rueda C, Saunders G, Underwood TK, Vanegas F, Smith MD, West PJ, Wilcox KS Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

The Anticonvulsant Screening Program of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH: History and Contributions to Clinical Care in the Twentieth Century and Beyond.
Abstract The anticonvulsant screening program (ASP) of the national institute of neurological disorders and stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health has made substantial contributions to the drug armamentarium of the clinical neurologist. This program, originally a part of the overall Drug Development Program of the Epilepsy Branch, has been fortunate to have talented leadership, both at NINDS in Maryland and at the major contract site, the University of Utah-over a remarkable period of more than 40 years. Future discoveries by the ASP (now renamed the Epilepsy Therapy Screening) can be expected to make addit...
Source: Neurochemical Research - March 8, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Porter RJ, Kupferberg HJ Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Effects of Neural Stem Cell and Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Co-transplants on Tissue Remodelling After Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in the Adult Rat.
In this study, we address this challenge by testing whether co-grafting of NSCs with olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), a special type of glia with proven neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and angiogenic effects, can promote graft survival and host tissue remodelling. Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced in adult rats by a 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) followed by reperfusion. Ischemic lesions were verified by neurological testing and magnetic resonance imaging. Transplantation into the globus pallidus of NSCs alone or in combination with OECs was performed at two weeks post-MCAo, followed by hi...
Source: Neurochemical Research - January 23, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Augestad IL, Nyman AK, Costa AI, Barnett SC, Sandvig A, Håberg AK, Sandvig I Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Effect of Physical and Social Components of Enriched Environment on Astrocytes Proliferation in Rats After Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.
Abstract Treatment of enriched environment (EE) exerts neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, how the component of EE contributes to the functional recovery after brain ischemia remains unclear. Here we examined the effect of physical and social components of EE on poststroke astrocytes proliferation using an animal model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion. Rats were divided into five groups: physical enrichment group (PE), social enrichment group (SE), physical and social enrichment group (PSE), ischemia + standard group (IS) and sham-ope...
Source: Neurochemical Research - January 11, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Chen X, Zhang X, Liao W, Wan Q Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

L-PGDS Mediates Vagus Nerve Stimulation-Induced Neuroprotection in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke by Suppressing the Apoptotic Response.
This study investigated the role of L-PGDS in cerebral I/R and whether this process was involved in the mechanism of VNS-mediated neuroprotection. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with a lentiviral vector (LV) through intracerebroventricular injection, followed by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and VNS treatment. The expression of L-PGDS in the peri-infarct cortex was examined. The localization of L-PGDS was determined using double immunofluorescence staining. Neurologic scores, infarct volume and neuronal apoptosis were evaluated at 24 h after reperfusion. The expression of apoptosis-related molecules wa...
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 28, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhang L, Ma J, Jin X, Jia G, Jiang Y, Li C Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Let-7f Regulates the Hypoxic Response in Cerebral Ischemia by Targeting NDRG3.
In this study, we preliminarily explored the change in the expression of the NDRG3 protein which indicated that NDRG3 protein is an oxygen-regulated protein in neurons in rat cerebral ischemia in vivo and in vitro. We further identified let-7f as an upstream regulator of NDRG3 by the lentiviral transfection of rat cortical neurons and the dual luciferase analysis of human genes. In addition, a dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization assay showed that when the expression of let-7f was elevated, the expression of NDRG3 mRNA was accordingly reduced in rat cerebral ischemia. Taken together, our results identify a new reg...
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 3, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yao Y, Wang W, Jing L, Wang Y, Li M, Hou X, Wang J, Peng T, Teng J, Jia Y Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Increased Expression of Slit2 and its Robo Receptors During Astroglial Scar Formation After Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats.
The objective of this study was to investigate the temporal changes and cellular localization of Slit2 and its receptors, Robo1, Robo2, and Robo4, in a rat transient focal ischemia model induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. We used double- and triple-immunolabeling to determine the cell-specific changes in Slit2 and its receptors during a 10-week post-ischemia period. The expression profiles of Slit2 and the Robo receptors shared overlapping expression patterns in sham-operated and ischemic striatum. Constitutive expression of Slit2 and Robo receptors was observed in striatal neurons with weak intensity, whereas in...
Source: Neurochemical Research - September 28, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jin X, Shin YJ, Riew TR, Choi JH, Lee MY Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Baicalein Attenuates Neurological Deficits and Preserves Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in a Rat Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated that baicalein has protective effects against several diseases, which including ischemic stroke. The effect of baicalein on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and its related mechanisms are not well understood. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which baicalein may influence the BBB in a rat model of ICH. The rat model of ICH was induced by intravenous injection of collagenase IV into the brain. Animals were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation, vehicle, and baicalein group. Each group was then divided into subgroups, in ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - August 11, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Chen M, Lai L, Li X, Zhang X, He X, Liu W, Li R, Ke X, Fu C, Huang Z, Duan C Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Tetramethylpyrazine Nitrone Improves Neurobehavioral Functions and Confers Neuroprotection on Rats with Traumatic Brain Injury.
In conclusion, TBN improves neurobehavioral functions and protects neurons against TBI. This protective effect may be achieved by anti-neuronal apoptosis, alleviating oxidative stress damage and up-regulating Nrf-2 and HO-1 expression. PMID: 27452038 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Neurochemical Research - July 24, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhang G, Zhang F, Zhang T, Gu J, Li C, Sun Y, Yu P, Zhang Z, Wang Y Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

5-LOX Inhibitor Zileuton Reduces Inflammatory Reaction and Ischemic Brain Damage Through the Activation of PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway.
Abstract Previous studies from our laboratories showed that an anti-inflammatory drug, 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor zileuton, attenuates ischemic brain damage via inhibiting inflammatory reaction. However, it was elusive whether zileuton attenuates inflammatory reaction and ischemic brain damage through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. In the present study, we, for the first time, investigated whether PI3K/Akt pathway was involved in zileuton's anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties against brain damage following experimental ischemic stroke. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent middle cereb...
Source: Neurochemical Research - July 4, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Tu XK, Zhang HB, Shi SS, Liang RS, Wang CH, Chen CM, Yang WZ Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Pre-stroke Metformin Treatment is Neuroprotective Involving AMPK Reduction.
Abstract Long-term metformin treatment reduces the risk of stroke. However, the effective administration pattern and indications of metformin on acute cerebral ischemia are unclear. To investigate the neuroprotective treatment duration and dosage of metformin on focal ischemia mice and the association of neuroprotection with 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulations, male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to permanent or transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and metformin of 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected 1, 3 or 7 days prior to MCAO, or at the onset, or 1, 3...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 26, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Deng T, Zheng YR, Hou WW, Yuan Y, Shen Z, Wu XL, Chen Y, Zhang LS, Hu WW, Chen Z, Zhang XN Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research