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Mortality and Morbidity Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Low-Level PM < sub > 2.5 < /sub > , BC, NO < sub > 2 < /sub > , and O < sub > 3 < /sub > : An Analysis of European Cohorts in the ELAPSE Project
CONCLUSIONS: Long-term exposure to PM2.5, NO2, and BC was positively associated with natural-cause and cause-specific mortality in the pooled cohort and the administrative cohorts. Associations were found well below current limit values and guidelines for PM2.5 and NO2. Associations tended to be supralinear, with steeper slopes at low exposures with no indication of a threshold. Two-pollutant models documented the importance of characterizing the ambient mixture with both NO2 and PM2.5. We mostly found negative associations with O3. In two-pollutant models with NO2, the negative associations with O3 were attenuated to esse...
Source: Cancer Control - September 15, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Brunekreef Bert Strak Maciej Chen Jie J Andersen Zorana Atkinson Richard Bauwelinck Mariska Bellander Tom Boutron Marie-Christine Brandt J ørgen Carey Iain Cesaroni Giulia Forastiere Francesco Fecht Daniela Gulliver John Hertel Ole Hoffmann Barbara de Ho Source Type: research

Diagnostic reference levels and median doses for common clinical indications of CT: findings from an international registry
ConclusionsDRLs for CTDIvol and DLP for EUCLID clinical indications from diverse organizations were established and can contribute to dose optimization. These values were usually significantly higher in the US than in Europe.Key Points•Registry data were used to create benchmarks for 10 common indications for CT identified by the European Society of Radiology.•Observed US radiation doses were higher than European for 9 of 10 indications (except chronic sinusitis).•The presented diagnostic reference levels and median doses highlight potentially unnecessary variation in radiation dose.
Source: European Radiology - October 13, 2021 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Periodontal Disease Is Associated With Increased Risk of Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study
Conclusion: Periodontal disease is significantly and positively correlated with increased risk of hypertension in Chinese population, and exact mechanisms of this association should be explored in future. Introduction Periodontal disease is a complex polymicrobial inflammation, including gingivitis and periodontitis. According to the 2015 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, the prevalence of severe chronic periodontitis in 2015 has reached 616 million (Kassebaum et al., 2017). In China, the periodontal disease standardized DALYs rate has risen from 24.7 in 1990 to 25.7 in 2013 according to the data from 2013 GBD ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 24, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Estimates of costs for modelling return on investment from smoking cessation interventions
ConclusionsCosts of treating smoking‐attributable diseases as well as the costs of implementing smoking cessation interventions vary substantially across Hungary, Netherlands, Germany, Spain and England. Estimates for the costs of these diseases and interventions can contribute to return on investment estimates in support of national or regional policy decisions.
Source: Addiction - March 13, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Marta Trapero ‐Bertran, Reiner Leidl, Celia Muñoz, Puttarin Kulchaitanaroaj, Kathryn Coyle, Maximilian Präger, Judit Józwiak‐Hagymásy, Kei Long Cheung, Mickael Hiligsmann, Subhash Pokhrel, Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

Long-term Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Nonaccidental and Cause-specific Mortality in a Large National Cohort of Chinese Men
Conclusions: Long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with nonaccidental, CVD, lung cancer, and COPD mortality in China. The IER estimator may underestimate the excess relative risk of cause-specific mortality due to long-term exposure to PM2.5 over the exposure range experienced in China and other low- and middle-income countries. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1673 Received: 24 February 2017 Revised: 01 September 2017 Accepted: 05 September 2017 Published: 07 November 2017 Address correspondence to M. Zhou, National Center for Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control ...
Source: EHP Research - November 7, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Research Source Type: research

Adherence to the 2015 Dutch dietary guidelines and risk of non-communicable diseases and mortality in the Rotterdam Study
AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the criterion validity of the 2015 food-based Dutch dietary guidelines, which were formulated based on evidence on the relation between diet and major chronic diseases. We studied 9701 participants of the Rotterdam Study, a population-based prospective cohort in individuals aged 45  years and over [median 64.1 years (95%-range 49.0–82.8)]. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline with a food-frequency questionnaire. For all participants, we examined adherence (yes/no) to fourteen items of the guidelines: vegetables (≥200 g/day), fruit (≥200 g/day), whole-grains (≥90  g/day), legumes...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - August 19, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research