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The role of Nrf2 in Neural stem/Progenitors cells: from maintaining stemness and self-renewal to promoting differentiation capability and facilitating therapeutic application in neurodegenerative disease.
Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) cause progressive loss of neurons in nervous system. NDs are categorized as acute NDs such as stroke and head injury, besides chronic NDs including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's diseases, Friedreich's Ataxia, Multiple Sclerosis. The exact etiology of NDs is not understood but oxidative stress, inflammation and synaptic dysfunction are main hallmarks. Oxidative stress leads to free radical attack on neural cells which contributes to protein misfolding, glia cell activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, impairment of DNA repair system and subsequently cellular death. ...
Source: Ageing Research Reviews - November 10, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Kahroba H, Ramezani B, Maadi H, Sadeghi MR, Jaberie H, Ramezani F Tags: Ageing Res Rev Source Type: research

A Critical Role for ISGylation, Ubiquitination and, SUMOylation in Brain Damage: Implications for Neuroprotection.
Abstract Post-translational modification (PTMs) of proteins by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifiers such as interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) and small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) play a critical role in the regulation of brain pathophysiology. Protein ISGylation is a covalent attachment of ISG15 to its target proteins, which is a unique PTM among other ubiquitin-like modifiers. Although, ISG15 shares sequence homology to ubiquitin, yet the functional significance of protein ISGylation is distinct from ubiquitination and SUMOylation. Further, ISG15 highly conserved among vertebrate species, unlike the ...
Source: Neurochemical Research - June 3, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Nakka VP, Mohammed AQ Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

NAMPT as a Dedifferentiation-Inducer Gene: NAD+ as Core Axis for Glioma Cancer Stem-Like Cells Maintenance
Conclusion and Perspectives Gliomas are the most prevalent primary brain cancer in adults and include a broad category of tumors including astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and GBM. Regardless of tumor aggressiveness, malignancy, and infiltration, these glia-derived tumors rarely exceed a median survival time of 12–14 months. Driven by the infiltrative nature of these tumors, the clinical approach is difficult and relapses often occur with fatal consequences. These unsuccessful attempts to control glioma's fate have fostered research looking for more effective therapies. (GSCs) are a small subset of CD133&#...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - May 2, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Inflammation in CNS Neurodegenerative Diseases.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 29513402 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Immunology - March 7, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Stephenson J, Nutma E, van der Valk P, Amor S Tags: Immunology Source Type: research