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Comparison of Serum Selenium Levels Between Patients with Newly Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation and Normal Controls
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2022 May 9. doi: 10.1007/s12011-022-03281-9. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained dysrhythmia in the elderly population. It is estimated to affect more than 30 million people worldwide. AF occurs when abnormal electrical impulses start to activate in the atria and override the heart's natural pacemaker, which can no longer control the heart's rhythm. Since atrial contractility is impaired in AF, blood flow in the atria becomes stasis over time and causes thrombus formation. This thrombus causes the risk of embolism and causes complications such as stroke. ...
Source: Biological Trace Element Research - May 8, 2022 Category: Biology Authors: Isa Ardahanli Halil Ibrahim Ozkan Source Type: research

Modelling the impact of clot fragmentation on the microcirculation after thrombectomy
by Wahbi K. El-Bouri, Andrew MacGowan, Tam ás I. Józsa, Matthew J. Gounis, Stephen J. Payne Many ischaemic stroke patients who have a mechanical removal of their clot (thrombectomy) do not get reperfusion of tissue despite the thrombus being removed. One hypothesis for this ‘no-reperfusion’ phenomenon is micro-emboli fragmenting off the large clot during thrombectomy and occluding sm aller blood vessels downstream of the clot location. This is impossible to observe in-vivo and so we here develop an in-silico model based on in-vitro experiments to model the effect of micro-emboli on brain tissue. Through in-vitro exp...
Source: PLoS Computational Biology - March 12, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Wahbi K. El-Bouri Source Type: research

Proteomic analyses identify a potential mechanism by which extracellular vesicles aggravate ischemic stroke
Publication date: Available online 7 June 2019Source: Life SciencesAuthor(s): Xintong Wang, Jiaoqi Wang, Xiaohua Shi, Chengliang Pan, Hongyu Liu, Yue Dong, Rui Dong, Jing Mang, Zhongxin XuAbstractAimsExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are vital for information exchange between donor and recipient cells. When cells are stressed (e.g., by oxygen glucose deprivation, OGD), the complex information carried by the EVs is altered by the donor cells. Here, we aimed to analyze the proteomic differences between EVs derived from OGD-damaged cells and EVs derived from undamaged cells to explore the potential mechanisms by which EVs aggravat...
Source: Life Sciences - June 7, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Diverse roles of mitochondria in ischemic stroke
Publication date: June 2018 Source:Redox Biology, Volume 16 Author(s): Jenq-Lin Yang, Sujira Mukda, Shang-Der Chen Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability and mortality in most developing and developed countries. The current best practices for patients with acute ischemic stroke include intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and endovascular thrombectomy for large-vessel occlusion to improve clinical outcomes. However, only a limited portion of patients receive thrombolytic therapy or endovascular treatment because the therapeutic time window after ischemic stroke is narrow. To address the current shortage of st...
Source: Redox Biology - March 15, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research

N-acetylcysteine attenuates systemic platelet activation and cerebral vessel thrombosis in diabetes
Conclusion Collectively, these results show that the diabetic blood and brain become progressively more susceptible to platelet activation and thrombosis. NAC, given after the establishment of diabetes, may offer protection against the risk for stroke by altering both systemic and vascular prothrombotic responses via enhancing platelet GSH, and GSH-dependent MG elimination, as well as correcting levels of antioxidants such as SOD1 and GPx-1. Graphical abstract
Source: Redox Biology - September 28, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Combination therapy with liposomal neuroprotectants and tissue plasminogen activator for treatment of ischemic stroke Research
For ischemic stroke treatment, extension of the therapeutic time window (TTW) of thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and amelioration of secondary ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury are most desirable. Our previous studies have indicated that liposomal delivery of neuroprotectants into an ischemic region is effective for stroke treatment. In the present study, for solving the above problems in the clinical setting, the usefulness of combination therapy with tPA and liposomal fasudil (fasudil-Lip) was investigated in ischemic stroke model rats with photochemically induced thrombosis, with clots that ...
Source: FASEB Journal - May 1, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Fukuta, T., Asai, T., Yanagida, Y., Namba, M., Koide, H., Shimizu, K., Oku, N. Tags: Research Source Type: research

MicroRNA may help control arterial thrombosis
(Brigham and Women's Hospital) In a new study published online this week in The FASEB Journal, a Brigham and Women's Hospital research team investigated the role of miR-181b in blocking the development of arterial thrombosis. The new findings have implications for heart attacks, stroke and peripheral artery disease.
Source: EurekAlert! - Biology - June 14, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: news

The characterization of trans-pecos copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix pictigaster) venom and isolation of two new dimeric disintegrins
In this study, we are presenting the first report of the purification, isolation, and partial characterization of two new dimeric disintegrins isolated from the venom of trans-pecos copperhead.
Source: Biologicals - April 8, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Regulation of Early Steps of GPVI Signal Transduction by Phosphatases: A Systems Biology Approach
We present a data-driven mathematical model of a key initiating step in platelet activation, a central process in the prevention of bleeding following Injury. In vascular disease, this process is activated inappropriately and causes thrombosis, heart attacks and stroke. The collagen receptor GPVI is the primary trigger for platelet activation at sites of injury. Understanding the complex molecular mechanisms initiated by this receptor is important for development of more effective antithrombotic medicines. In this work we developed a series of nonlinear ordinary differential equation models that are direct representations ...
Source: PLoS Computational Biology - November 19, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Joanne L. Dunster et al. Source Type: research