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The Discovery and Development of Liraglutide and Semaglutide
We describe one such approach, albumin binding, and explain how it was applied in the development of the human GLP-1 analog liraglutide once daily and, subsequently, semaglutide once weekly. The pharmacology of these two long-acting GLP-1 analogs, in terms of improving glycemic control, reducing body weight and decreasing cardiovascular (CV) risk, is also reviewed, together with some novel biology. In addition, we describe the importance of accurate target (GLP-1 receptor) tissue expression analysis. Now an established class of agents, GLP-1-based therapies represent a significant advance in the treatment of T2D. All curr...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 11, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Analyzing brain patterns may help neuroscientists increase people ’s confidence, reduce fear
A new technique of analyzing brain patterns appears to help people overcome fear and build self-confidence.The approach, developed by a UCLA-led team of neuroscientists, is described in two new papers, published in the journals Nature Communications and Nature Human Behaviour.Their method could have implications for treating people with depression, dementia and anxiety disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder, said Hakwan Lau, a UCLA associate professor of psychology and the senior author of both studies. It could also play a role in improving leadership training for executives and managers.In theNature Human Be...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - December 15, 2016 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

Behind the Headlines 2016 Quiz of the Year
In 2014, Behind the Headlines has covered more than 500 health stories that made it into the mainstream media. If you've been paying attention you should find this quiz easy and fun. Why not test your knowledge of 2014's health news with our month-by-month quiz? Answers are at the foot of the page (no peeking!).   In January 2016's health news... In a controversial study, monkeys were genetically engineered to develop what disorder? 1) Sex addiction 2) Bi-polar disorder 3) Autism In a similarly controversial study, what psychological condition was dismissed as a "myth" 1) Seasonal affective disorder...
Source: NHS News Feed - December 5, 2016 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Special reports Source Type: news

Cessation of Smoking and Alcohol Addiction Following Thalamic Hemorrhage
We describe a case of thalamic intracerebral hemorrhage leading to cessation of smoking. Case Report: A 53-year-old female presented to the emergency department with right-sided weakness and dysarthria. Initial systolic blood pressure was 220 mm Hg. Computed tomography scan showed a left thalamic hemorrhage with associated edema and hemorrhage extending into the left lateral and third ventricle. She recovered uneventfully and was discharged to inpatient rehabilitation and eventually transitioned home. Three months later in the clinic, she reported that following the stroke, she abruptly stopped smoking without any smoking...
Source: The Neurologist - November 1, 2016 Category: Neurology Tags: Case Report/Case Series Source Type: research

Voodoo Medicine: Time To Stop
The world's most celebrated athlete standing on the podium in Rio in honor of receiving yet another gold medal has something important in common with your lazy uncle throwing back a cold one in his Barcalounger. Yes, swimming powerhouse Michael Phelps, purple-spotted from cupping therapy, and your slovenly relative with a beer gut both share a bond -- a weakness in succumbing to the allure of voodoo medicine. Modern-day snake oil salesmen hawking quick cures and TV doctors peddling the latest diet miracle with blatantly ridiculous claims are everywhere on the tube, social media, the supermarket and old-fashioned billboards...
Source: Science - The Huffington Post - August 12, 2016 Category: Science Source Type: news

Gambia: Drug Addiction and Health
[The Point] People who suffer from addiction often have one or more accompanying medical issues, which may include lung or cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, and mental disorders. Imaging scans, chest X-rays, and blood tests show the damaging effects of long-term drug abuse throughout the body. For example, research has shown that tobacco smoke causes cancer of the mouth, throat, larynx, blood, lungs, stomach, pancreas, kidney, bladder, and cervix.19 In addition, some drugs of abuse, such as inhalants, are toxic
Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine - September 1, 2015 Category: African Health Source Type: news

Vascular age and cardiovascular risk in patients suffering from stroke.
CONCLUSION: The vascular age of patients suffering from stroke at the University teaching hospital Sylvanus Olympio of Lome is 10 years higher than their real age. This condition considerably increases their risk of cardiovascular diseases. The screening and the early care about vascular risk factors appear therefore of utmost importance. PMID: 26047877 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Annales de Cardiologie et d'Angeiologie - June 2, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Goeh Akue E, Afassinou YM, Ido BJ, Pio M, Baragou S, Pessinaba S, Kumako V, Belo M Tags: Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) Source Type: research

Cannabis linked to brain differences in the young
Conclusion This study found differences between young recreational cannabis users and non-users in the volume and structure of the nucleus accumbens and amygdala, which have a role in the brain’s reward system, pleasure response, emotion and decision making. However, as this was only a cross sectional study taking one-off brain scans of cannabis users and non-users, it cannot prove that cannabis use was the cause of any of the differences seen. It is not known whether cannabis use could have caused these changes in regular users.   Or conversely whether the cannabis users in this study had this brain structure to sta...
Source: NHS News Feed - April 16, 2014 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Mental health Neurology Source Type: news

My Struggles with OCD in Recovery
“Are you being crazy again?” My wife, upon noticing my awkward and all-too-familiar hand gestures, has asked me this hundreds of times. I will complete an apparent pantomime audition of mere seconds, starting with a short series of pronounced arm movements and concluding with a full backward head tilt that culminates with my eyes in a direct sightline with the ceiling. Then — back to casually watching TV. Except for the mild amusement of a snickering spouse, the motions served no definitive purposes whatsoever. My wife witnessed what for others would be a formidable “what the heck” moment, but...
Source: Psych Central - March 18, 2014 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Christopher Dale Tags: Disorders General Men's Issues Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Personal Stories Self-Help Anxiety Ocd Personal Story struggles with ocd Source Type: news

A safe, effective diet pill - the elusive holy grail
Trade in illegal, ineffective drugs flourishes as pharmaceutical industry repeatedly fails to produce successful pillAttempts to invent a safe and effective diet pill have foundered time and again, allowing the internet trade in illegal and ineffective herbal supplements and dangerous drugs, such as DNP, to flourish.A successful diet pill could make billions for the pharmaceutical industry, but efforts to date have ended in disaster, with patients harmed, drugs banned and massive compensation paid out.Fen-phen, an appetite suppressant, was the most spectacular failure. It was withdrawn in the US in 1997 after causing wides...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - January 14, 2014 Category: Science Authors: Sarah Boseley Tags: The Guardian Diets and dieting Drugs trade Healthcare industry World news Pharmaceuticals industry & wellbeing Health policy Society Politics UK news Life and style Public services policy Business Science Source Type: news

Recurrent headaches: a case of neurological Behçet's disease.
Abstract A 48-year-old black male, of Nigerian heritage, presented with a 24-hour history of frontal headache of gradual onset. The headache characteristic was migranous, being described as throbbing in nature and located to the right frontal area with associated blurring of vision. Although similar to prior frequent headaches, there was now increasing unsteadiness on walking. Diagnosed 10 years earlier with Behçet's disease, the initial presentation was with oral and genital ulceration. Recurrent episodes of headache caused by neurological flare-ups resulted in a stroke at the age of 46 years. This previous stro...
Source: British Journal of Hospital Medicine - October 9, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: M Ismail A, W Dubrey S, C Patel M Tags: Br J Hosp Med (Lond) Source Type: research

Long-duration transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation alters small-world brain functional networks
Abstract: Acupuncture, which is recognized as an alternative and complementary treatment in Western medicine, has long shown efficiencies in chronic pain relief, drug addiction treatment, stroke rehabilitation and other clinical practices. The neural mechanism underlying acupuncture, however, is still unclear. Many studies have focused on the sustained effects of acupuncture on healthy subjects, yet there are very few on the topological organization of functional networks in the whole brain in response to long-duration acupuncture (longer than 20 min). This paper presents a novel study on the effects of long-duration trans...
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging - May 20, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: Yue Zhang, Yin Jiang, Christopher B. Glielmi, Longchuan Li, Xiaoping Hu, Xiaoying Wang, Jisheng Han, Jue Zhang, Cailian Cui, Jing Fang Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: research