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Source: Translational Stroke Research
Condition: Hemorrhagic Stroke
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Total 266 results found since Jan 2013.
The Stabilization of Central Sympathetic Nerve Activation by Renal Denervation Prevents Cerebral Vasospasm after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats
We examined the effect of RD on early brain injury (EBI) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) as a primary endpoint, and also explored the effect on cerebral vasospasm (CVS) as a secondary endpoint. Although RD did not exert significant effects on primary endpoint, RD signi ficantly prevented CVS and reduced SAH-induced increases in the number of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-positive endothelial cells, cyclooxygenase-2 expression, and macrophage infiltration in major cerebral arteries. Moreover, RD significantly decreased the areas display ing dopamine β-hydroxylase and glial fibrillary acidic...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - November 19, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Occlusion of Animal Model Arteriovenous Malformations Using Vascular Targeting
This study assessed the efficacy of a pro-thrombotic VTA targeting phosphatidylserine (PS) in a radiation-primed AVM animal model. The model AVM was surgically created in rats by anastomosis of the left external jugular vein to the adjacent common carotid artery. After 6 weeks, the AVM was irradiated (20 Gy) using gamma knife surgery (GKS). A PS-targeting VTA was created by conjugation of annexin V with human thrombin and administered intravenously 3 weeks post-GKS or sham. Unconjugated thrombin was used as a non-targeting control. AVM thrombosis and occlusion w as monitored 3 weeks later by angiography and histology....
Source: Translational Stroke Research - December 4, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain Is Associated with Poor Functional Outcome and Mortality Rate After Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
AbstractThe initial clinical status after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is an important outcome predictor, but the mechanisms behind the early brain injury (EBI) remains incompletely understood. Elevated neurofilament levels in the cerebrospinal fluid at protracted stages after SAH are associated with poor outcome, but the potential association between plasma neurofilament (pNfL) levels during EBI, disease severity on admission, and poor outcome remains unaddressed. Plasma NfL (pNfL) was measured by single molecule array in 44 SAH patients on admission and 24 h after ictus, as well as in 44 controls. Disease severity on ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - December 4, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Complement C5 Contributes to Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
AbstractPrevious studies showed that complement activation is associated with poor functional outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We investigated whether complement activation is underlying brain injury after aneurysmal SAH (n = 7) and if it is an appropriate treatment target. We investigated complement expression in brain tissue of aneurysmal SAH patients (n = 930) and studied the role of common genetic variants in C3 and C5 genes in outcome. We analyzed plasma levels (n = 229) to identify the functionality of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with outcome. The time course of ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - December 5, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Selective mGluR1 Negative Allosteric Modulator Reduces Blood –Brain Barrier Permeability and Cerebral Edema After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
AbstractThe blood –brain barrier (BBB) disruption leads to the vasogenic brain edema and contributes to the early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, the mechanisms underlying the BBB damage following SAH are poorly understood. Here we reported that the neurotransmitter glutamate of cer ebrospinal fluid (CSF) was dramatically increased in SAH patients with symptoms of cerebral edema. Using the rat SAH model, we found that SAH caused the increase of CSF glutamate level and BBB permeability in EBI, intracerebroventricular injection of exogenous glutamate deteriorated BBB damage and c erebral ed...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - December 11, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Immune Characterization in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Reveals Distinct Monocytic Activation and Chemokine Patterns
AbstractThe pathophysiology of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is incompletely understood. Intrathecal activation of inflammatory immune cells is suspected to play a major role for the induction of DCI. The aim of this study is to identify immune cell subsets and mediators involved in the pathogenesis of DCI. We prospectively collected blood and CSF from 25 patients with aSAH at early and late time points. We performed multicolor flow cytometry of peripheral blood and CSF, analyzing immune cell activation and pro-inflammatory cyto- and chemokines. In addition to the primary i...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - December 18, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Mfsd2a Attenuates Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption After Sub-arachnoid Hemorrhage by Inhibiting Caveolae-Mediated Transcellular Transport in Rats
In this study, a prechiasmatic cistern single-injection model was used to produce experimental SAH in Sprague-Dawley rats. Specific small-interfering RNA and plasmids were used to downregulate and upregulate the expression of Mfsd2a prior to assessments in our SAH model. Omega-3 fatty acid deficiency diet was used to reduce DHA in rat brain. The expression level of Mfsd2a decreased significantly after SAH and reached its lowest level at 72 h post-SAH, which then gradually recovered. At 72 h after SAH, BBB function was disrupted; upregulation of Mfsd2a reversed this damage, whereas downregulation of Mfsd2a exacerbated th...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 5, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Multinucleated Giant Cells in Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage
In conclusion, MGCs represent a macrophage/microglia subtype with strong phagocytosis capacity. MGCs exhibited not only an M2 but also an M1 phenotype and appeared involved in hemoglobin degradation. Anti-CD47 antibody boosted the number of MGCs, which may contribute to enhance hematoma clearance. Understanding the exact roles of MGCs in ICH may reveal novel targets for ICH treatment.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 22, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Intracranial Pressure Monitoring-Aided Management Associated with Favorable Outcomes in Patients with Hypertension-Related Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
AbstractTo investigate the effect of intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring on the functional outcome of patients with hypertension-related spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We included 196 patients with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of 3 –12 in this observational study, of which 103 underwent ICP monitors. Binary and ordinal regression analyses were used to estimate the effect of ICP monitoring on the functional outcome. The rate of adverse events, blood pressure control, and length of hospitalization were compared between the two groups. ICP monitoring had a significant impact on the clinical outcome of pat...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 5, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Proposed Definition of Experimental Secondary Ischemia for Mouse Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
AbstractInconsistency in outcome parameters for delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) makes it difficult to compare results between mouse studies, in the same way inconsistency in outcome parameters in human studies has for long obstructed adequate comparison. The absence of an established definition may in part be responsible for the failed translational results. The present article proposes a standardized definition for DCI in experimental mouse models, which can be used as outcome measure in future animal studies. We used a consensus-building approach to propose a definition for “experimental secondary ischemia” (ESI) in ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 8, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Methodological Quality in In Vivo Animal Studies of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
AbstractAs a result of increased awareness of wide-spread methodological bias and obvious translational roadblocks in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) research, various checklists and guidelines were developed over the past decades. This systematic review assesses the overall methodological quality of preclinical SAH research. An electronic search for preclinical studies on SAH revealed 3415 potential articles. Of these, 765 original research papers conducted in vivo in mice, rats, rabbits, cats, dogs, pigs, goats, and non-human primates with a focus on brain damage related to delayed cerebral vasospasm and early brain injury...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 14, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Elevated miR-9 in Cerebrospinal Fluid Is Associated with Poor Functional Outcome After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
This study evaluated microRNA (miRNA) changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and their association with the occurrence of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and poor functional outcome after SAH. Forty-three selected miRNAs were measured in daily CSF samples from a discovery cohort of SAH patients admitted to Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, and compared with neurologically healthy patients. Findings were validated in CSF from a replication cohort of SAH patients admitted to Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. The CSF levels of miRNA over time were compared with the occurrence of DCI, and functional outco...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 3, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Translational Intracerebral Hemorrhage Research: Has Current Neuroprotection Research ARRIVEd at a Standard for Experimental Design and Reporting?
AbstractOne major aim of preclinical intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) research is to develop and test potential neuroprotectants. Published guidelines for experimental design and reporting stress the importance of clearly and completely reporting results and methodological details to ensure reproducibility and maximize information availability. The current review has two objectives: first, to characterize current ICH neuroprotection research and, second, to analyze aspects of translational design in preclinical ICH studies. Translational design is the adoption and reporting of experimental design characteristics that are tho...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 4, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Long-term Outcomes and Risk Factors Related to Hydrocephalus After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
AbstractHydrocephalus after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common and treatable complication. However, the long-term outcomes and factors for predicting hydrocephalus have seldom been studied. The goal of this study was to determine the long-term outcomes and analyze the risk factors of hydrocephalus after ICH. A consecutive series of 1342 patients with ICH were reviewed from 2010 to 2016 to identify significant risk factors for hydrocephalus. Patients with a first-ever ICH without any prior diagnosis of hydrocephalus after ICH were followed up for survival status and cause of death. Risk factors for hydrocephalus wer...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 7, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Comparison of Long-Term Outcomes of Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Catheter Evacuation for the Treatment of Spontaneous Cerebellar Hemorrhage
AbstractRecently, minimally invasive techniques, including endoscopic evacuation and minimally invasive catheter (MIC) evacuation, have been used for the treatment of patients with spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage (SCH). However, credible evidence is still needed to validate the effects of these techniques. To explore the long-term outcomes of both surgical techniques in the treatment of SCH. Fifty-two patients with SCH who received endoscopic evacuation or MIC evacuation were retrospectively reviewed. Six-month mortality and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score were the primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. A mu...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 3, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
