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Source: Translational Stroke Research
Condition: Hemorrhagic Stroke
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Total 266 results found since Jan 2013.
Early Inflammatory Response in the Brain and Anesthesia Recovery Time Evaluation After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
AbstractThe main objective was to evaluate, whether the subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-associated early inflammatory response has focal or global character, i.e., whether areas distant to hematoma may be affected by an early inflammatory response. The second objective was to evaluate the association of anesthesia recovery time for basic reflexes/neurological functions with severity of SAH. SAH was induced in rats using an endovascular perforation model. Anesthesia recovery time was evaluated for pain reaction recovery time (spinal level), spontaneous ventilation recovery time (brain stem level), and consciousness recovery t...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 20, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Radiological Estimation of Intracranial Blood Volume and Occurrence of Hydrocephalus Determines Stress-Induced Hyperglycemia After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
AbstractAcute phase after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is associated with several metabolic derangements including stress-induced hyperglycemia (SIH). The present study is designed to identify objective radiological determinants for SIH to better understand its contributory role in clinical outcomes after aSAH. A computer-aided detection tool was used to segment admission computed tomography (CT) images of aSAH patients to estimate intracranial blood and cerebrospinal fluid volumes. Modified Graeb score (mGS) was used as a semi-quantitative measure to estimate degree of hydrocephalus. The relationship between ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 11, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Large Vessel Vasospasm Is Not Associated with Cerebral Cortical Hypoperfusion in a Murine Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
AbstractClinical studies on subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have shown discrepancies between large vessel vasospasm, cerebral perfusion, and clinical outcome. We set out to analyze the contribution of large vessel vasospasm to impaired cerebral perfusion and neurological impairment in a murine model of SAH. SAH was induced in C57BL/6 mice by endovascular filament perforation. Vasospasm was analyzed with microcomputed tomography, cortical perfusion by laser SPECKLE contrast imaging, and functional impairment with a quantitative neuroscore. SAH animals developed large vessel vasospasm, as shown by significantly lower vessel vo...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 12, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Dose-Dependent Inhibitory Effects of Cilostazol on Delayed Cerebral Infarction After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
AbstractCilostazol is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type III that downregulates tenascin-C (TNC), a matricellular protein, which may cause delayed cerebral infarction after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The authors increased the dosage and evaluated the dose-dependent effects of cilostazol on delayed cerebral infarction and outcomes in SAH patients. This was a retrospective cohort study in a single center. One hundred fifty-six consecutive SAH patients including 67 patients of admission World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grades IV –V who underwent aneurysmal obliteration within 48 h post-...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 23, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
An Update On Medical Treatment for Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 11, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Systematic Review of In Vivo Animal Models of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Species, Standard Parameters, and Outcomes
AbstractIn preclinical models, modification of experimental parameters associated with techniques of inducing subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can greatly affect outcomes. To analyze how parameter choice affects the relevance and comparability of findings, we systematically reviewed 765 experimental studies of in vivo animal SAH models (2000 –2014). During the last decade, we found marked increases in publications using smaller species and models for simulating acute events after SAH. Overall, the fewer types of species and models used did not correlate with an increased standardization in the experimental characteristics a...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 12, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Coated-Platelet Trends Predict Short-Term Clinical OutcomeAfter Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
AbstractAneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is associated with high socio-economic burden. Prothrombotic states of early brain injury (EBI) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aSAH determine morbidity and mortality. To understand how activated platelets might contribute to such prothrombotic states, we studied trends in coated-platelets during EBI and DCI periods. Serial blood samples from a prospective cohort of aSAH patients were collected and assayed for coated-platelet levels. Patient ’s coated-platelet level during post-hospital discharge follow-up served as an estimate of baseline. Occurrence of DCI, Mo...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Systematic Review of In Vivo Animal Models of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Species, Standard Parameters, and Outcomes
AbstractIn preclinical models, modification of experimental parameters associated with techniques of inducing subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can greatly affect outcomes. To analyze how parameter choice affects the relevance and comparability of findings, we systematically reviewed 765 experimental studies of in vivo animal SAH models (2000 –2014). During the last decade, we found marked increases in publications using smaller species and models for simulating acute events after SAH. Overall, the fewer types of species and models used did not correlate with an increased standardization in the experimental characteristics a...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 12, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
An Update On Medical Treatment for Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 11, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Brain Ceruloplasmin Expression After Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Protection Against Iron-Induced Brain Injury
This study had two parts: first, rats had injection of autologous blood into the right basal ganglia and the time course of CP expression in the brain examined (protein and mRNA). Second, rats had an injection of either Fe2+ in saline, Fe2+ plus CP in saline, or saline alone into the right basal ganglia. All rats in the second part had T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and behavioral tests before the brains were harvested for immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. We found that CP was expressed on neurons and astrocytes in both cortex and basal ganglia after ICH. The time course showed that ICH induced CP express...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 12, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Acute Phase of Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Intracranial Pressure Dynamics and Their Effect on Cerebral Blood Flow and Autoregulation
AbstractClinical presentation and neurological outcome in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is highly variable. Aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) is hallmarked by sudden increase of intracranial pressure (ICP) and acute hypoperfusion contributing to early brain injury (EBI) and worse outcome, while milder or non-aneurysmal SAH with comparable amount of blood are associated with better neurological outcome, possibly due to less dramatic changes in ICP. Acute pressure dynamics may therefore be an important pathophysiological aspect determining neurological complications and outcome. We investigated the influence of ICP variability on acute ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - November 15, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Contractile Apparatus Is Essential for the Integrity of the Blood-Brain Barrier After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
AbstractDevelopment of vasogenic brain edema is a key event contributing to mortality after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The precise underlying mechanisms at the neurovascular level that lead to disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are still unknown. Activation of myosin light chain kinases (MLCK) may result in change of endothelial cell shape and opening of the intercellular gap with subsequent vascular leakage. Male C57Bl6 mice were subjected to endovascular perforation. Brain water content was determined by wet-dry ratio and BBB integrity by Evans-Blue extravasation. The specific MLCK inhibitor ML-7 was adminis...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - November 23, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Induction of Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Through CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Somatic Alk1 Gene Mutations in Adult Mice
AbstractBrain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) is an important risk factor for intracranial hemorrhage. The pathogenesis of bAVM has not been fully understood. Animal models are important tools for dissecting bAVM pathogenesis and testing new therapies. We have developed several mouse bAVM models using genetically modified mice. However, due to the body size, mouse bAVM models have some limitations. Recent studies identified somatic mutations in sporadic human bAVM. To develop a feasible tool to create sporadic bAVM in rodent and animals larger than rodent, we made tests using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique to induce somatic g...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - December 3, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Microvascular Disturbances after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
AbstractOxidative stress was shown to play a crucial role in the diverse pathogenesis of early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Microcirculatory dysfunction is thought to be an important and fundamental pathological change in EBI. However, other than blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, the influence of oxidative stress on microvessels remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of oxidative stress on microcirculatory integrity in EBI. SAH was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats using an endovascular perforation technique. A free radical scavenger, edaravone, was admi...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 9, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Loss of Endothelial Laminin α5 Exacerbates Hemorrhagic Brain Injury
In this study, we generated endothelium-specific lama5 conditional knockout ( α5-TKO) mice and investigated the biological functions of endothelial lama5 in blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintenance under homeostatic conditions and the pathogenesis of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). First, the BBB integrity of α5-TKO mice was measured under homeostatic conditions. Next, ICH was induced in α5-TKO mice and their littermate controls using the collagenase model. Various parameters, including injury volume, neuronal death, neurological score, brain edema, BBB integrity, inflammatory cell infiltration, and gliosis, were examined ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 29, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
