• Filter By:
• Specialty
• Source
• Condition
• Cancer
• Infectious Disease
• Drug
• Training
• Management
• Procedure
• Therapy
• Vaccine
• Nutrition
• Country

Protocol for the Induction of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice by Perforation of the Circle of Willis with an Endovascular Filament
Abstract Genetically engineered mice are a valuable tool to investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to brain damage following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Therefore, several murine SAH models were developed during the last 15 years. Among those models, the perforation of the Circle of Willis by an endovascular filament or “filament model” turned out to become the most popular one, since it is believed to reproduce some of the most prominent pathophysiological features observed after human SAH. Despite the importance of the endovascular filament model for SAH research, relatively few studi...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 30, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The Single and Double Blood Injection Rabbit Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Model
Abstract Over the past 30 years, the rabbit subarachnoid hemorrhage model (SAH) has been used for investigating the post-hemorrhage pathology, especially with respect to understanding of the mechanisms of cerebral vasospasm. However, the molecular mechanisms of cerebral vasospasm remain to be elucidated. Furthermore, it is not clear whether the rabbit SAH model is suitable for the investigation of pathological conditions other than cerebral vasospasm, such as early brain injury. Therefore, the properties of the rabbit SAH model need to be validated, and the reasons for using the rabbit should be clarified. This r...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - November 8, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Warfarin Pretreatment Reduces Cell Death and MMP-9 Activity in Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Abstract Little is known about the pathophysiology of oral anticoagulation-associated intracerebral hemorrhage (OAC-ICH). We compared hematoma volume, number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells (indicating cell death), MMP-9 levels, and perilesional edema formation between warfarin-treated mice and controls. Intracerebral hemorrhage was induced by an injection of collagenase into the right striatum. Twenty-four hours later, hematoma volume was measured using a photometric hemoglobin assay. Cell death was quantified using TUNEL staining. MMP-9 levels were determined by zymogra...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - November 27, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

An Update on Inflammation in the Acute Phase of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Abstract Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common and severe neurological disorder, which is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Despite extensive research into the pathology of ICH, there are still no clinically approved neuroprotective treatments. Currently, increasing evidence has shown that inflammatory responses participate in the pathophysiological processes of brain injury following ICH. In this editorial, we summarized some promising advances in the field of inflammation and ICH, which contained animal and human investigations; discussed the role of neuroinflammation, systemic inflamma...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - December 23, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Iron-Induced Necrotic Brain Cell Death in Rats with Different Aerobic Capacity
Abstract Brain iron overload has a key role in brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Our recent study demonstrated that ICH-induced brain injury was greater in low capacity runner (LCR) than in high capacity runner (HCR) rats. The present study examines whether iron-induced brain injury differs between LCRs and HCRs. Adult male LCR and HCR rats had an intracaudate injection of iron or saline. Rats were euthanized at 2 and at 24 h after T2 magnetic resonance imaging, and the brains were used for immunostaining and Western blotting. LCRs had more hemispheric swelling, T2 lesion volumes, blood-brain bar...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 4, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Perihematoma Edema: A Potential Translational Target in Intracerebral Hemorrhage?
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 19, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Double Cisterna Magna Injection Rat Model—Assessment of Delayed Pathological Effects of Cerebral Vasospasm
Abstract Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage comprises of an early phase after the bleeding and a late phase of delayed consequences of the bleeding. The development of delayed injury mechanisms, like the reduction of cerebral blood flow (CBF) due to cerebral vasospasm (CVS), seems mainly to depend on the amount and the duration of the subarachnoid blood clot. The reduction of CBF may lead to cerebral ischemia and delayed neurological deterioration. The rat double cisterna magna injection model reproduces the time course of the delayed consequences of CVS and imitates the clinical setting more precise than other ro...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 24, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Correlating Cerebral 18 FDG PET-CT Patterns with Histological Analysis During Early Brain Injury in a Rat Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Model
Abstract Early brain injury (EBI) plays a significant role in poor outcomes for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients. Further investigations are required to characterize the cellular metabolic and related histological changes that may contribute to EBI following SAH. We investigated the image patterns of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18FDG PET-CT) during EBI and correlated histopathological changes utilizing a rat SAH model. SAH was induced in six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by endovascular perforation, and animals were randomly assigned to receive 18FDG PET-CT imagin...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 3, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Rethinking the Roles of Inflammation in the Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 5, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Urinary Allantoin Is Elevated in Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage in the Preterm Newborn
Abstract Germinal matrix intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is the most common type of intracranial hemorrhage observed in preterm neonates. It is a precursor of poor neurocognitive development, cerebral palsy, and death. The pathophysiology is not well defined, but damage to the fragile germinal matrix vasculature may be due to free radicals generated during inflammation and as a consequence of ischemia followed by reperfusion. Assessment of the oxidative stress status in these infants is therefore important. Urinary allantoin concentration was measured in preterm neonates as a marker of oxidative stress associate...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 22, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The Pathophysiology of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Formation and Expansion
Abstract Intracerebral hemorrhage is a devastating disease. Despite its clinical importance, the pathophysiology of intracerebral hemorrhage is not well understood. Hematoma expansion occurs in a large subset of patients and is a predictor of poor outcomes. Since hematoma growth provides a potential opportunity for therapeutic intervention, a thorough understanding of its biological mechanisms is of key importance. After vessel rupture, an initial hematoma forms. Following this initial phase, accumulating evidence suggests that the mass effect causes secondary vessel rupture, which contributes to the hematoma and ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 15, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cellular Microparticles in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 24, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Effect of APOE Gene Polymorphism on Early Cerebral Perfusion After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes and early cerebral perfusion after aSAH. We collected venous blood of aSAH patients on admission for APOE genotype identification, applying computed tomography perfusion (CTP) scanning within 24 h after onset. The CTP parameters between patients with different APOE genotypes were compared. Then, a positive item was chosen for separate uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses to seek its risk factors. Our results showed mean transit time (MTT) rather than other parameters was significantly longer in patients with the APOE�...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 14, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Agonist Prevents Thrombin-Induced Blood–Brain Barrier Damage via the Inhibition of Microglial Activation and Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression in Rats
Abstract Thrombin mediates the life-threatening cerebral edema and blood–brain barrier (BBB) damage that occurs after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We previously found that the selective cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) agonist JWH-133 reduced brain edema and neurological deficits following germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH). We explored whether CB2R stimulation ameliorated thrombin-induced brain edema and BBB permeability as well as the possible molecular mechanism involved. A total of 144 Sprague–Dawley (S-D) rats received a thrombin (20 U) injection in the right basal ganglia. JWH-133 (1.5 mg/kg) or SR-14452...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 16, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Characteristics of Cerebrovascular Injury in the Hyperacute Phase After Induced Severe Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
In this study, we pursued the characteristics of cerebrovascular injury in the hyperacute phase after experimentally induced severe SAH. Twenty-three male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sham or SAH operation using the endovascular perforation method and were evaluated for brain edema, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and arterial endothelial cell injury at 5 min after SAH (experiment 1). Next, animals were examined for functional and morphological changes of cerebral artery for 30 min after an acetazolamide injection administered 5 min after SAH (experiment 2). In experiment 1, while cerebral blood flow (C...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 11, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Pages: 1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18