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A survey of deep learning for MRI brain tumor segmentation methods: Trends, challenges, and future directions
ConclusionThis review's objective is to increase scholars' interest in this difficult field and familiarize them with current advancements in it. To create CAD systems aimed at brain tumor identification using MR images, digital image processing approaches, such as preprocessing, segmentation, and classification, are applied. The classic machine learning and deep learning approaches for brain tumor identification are deliberated in this work. This paper provides a summary of commonly used MR image datasets. For classification, various machine learning and deep learning algorithms have been used. This survey examines curren...
Source: Health and Technology - February 27, 2023 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research

MRI for all: Cheap portable scanners aim to revolutionize medical imaging
.news-article__hero--featured .parallax__element{ object-position: 47% 50%; -o-object-position: 47% 50%; } The patient, a man in his 70s with a shock of silver hair, lies in the neuro intensive care unit (neuro ICU) at Yale New Haven Hospital. Looking at him, you’d never know that a few days earlier a tumor was removed from his pituitary gland. The operation didn’t leave a mark because, as is standard, surgeons reached the tumor through his nose. He chats cheerfully with a pair of research associates who have come to check his progress with a new and potentially revolutionary device they are testing. The cylind...
Source: Science of Aging Knowledge Environment - February 23, 2023 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

Implementation of Automated Pipeline for Resting-State fMRI Analysis with PACS Integration
AbstractIn recent years, the quantity and complexity of medical imaging acquisition and processing have increased tremendously. The explosion in volume and need for advanced imaging analysis have led to the creation of numerous software programs, which have begun to be incorporated into clinical practice for indications such as automated stroke assessment, brain tumor perfusion processing, and hippocampal volume analysis. Despite these advances, there remains a need for specialized, custom-built software for advanced algorithms and new areas of research that is not widely available or adequately integrated in these “out-...
Source: Journal of Digital Imaging - January 3, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Exploratory study to assess feasibility of intracerebral hemorrhage detection by point of care cranial ultrasound
ConclusionsOur exploratory analysis yielded preliminary data on use of point of care cranial ultrasound for ICH diagnosis to inform imaging techniques, cranial topography on B mode and sample size estimation for future studies to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of cranial POCUS in adult patients. This pilot study is limited by small sample size and over representation of ICH in the study. Cranial POCUS is feasible using POCUS machines and may have potential as a screening tool if validated in adequately powered studies.
Source: Critical Ultrasound Journal - October 17, 2022 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Tracers progress for positron emission tomography imaging of glial-related disease
J Biomed Res. 2022 Jun 28:1-15. doi: 10.7555/JBR.36.20220017. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTGlial cells play an essential part in the neuron system. They can not only serve as structural blocks in the human brain but also participate in many biological processes. Extensive studies have shown that astrocytes and microglia play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, as well as glioma, epilepsy, ischemic stroke, and infections. Positron emission tomography is a functional imaging technique providing molecular-level information before anatomic ch...
Source: Biomed Res - September 22, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Haoran Jia Tianwu Xie Source Type: research

Imaging subtle leaks in the blood –brain barrier in the aging human brain: potential pitfalls, challenges, and possible solutions
AbstractRecent studies using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) with gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) have demonstrated subtle blood –brain barrier (BBB) leaks in the human brain during normal aging, in individuals with age-related cognitive dysfunction, genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment, early AD, cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), and other neurodegenerative disorders. In these neurologi cal conditions, the BBB leaks, quantified by the unidirectional BBB GBCA tracer’s constantKtrans maps, are typically orders of magnitude lower than in brain tu...
Source: AGE - April 25, 2022 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

60 Years of Achievements by KSNM in Neuroimaging Research
Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2022 Feb;56(1):3-16. doi: 10.1007/s13139-021-00727-1. Epub 2022 Jan 15.ABSTRACTNuclear medicine neuroimaging is able to show functional and molecular biologic abnormalities in various neuropsychiatric diseases. Therefore, it has played important roles in the clinical diagnosis and in research on the normal and pathological states of the brain. More than 400 outstanding studies have been conducted by Korean researchers over the past 60 years. In the 1990s, when multiheaded single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scanners were first introduced in South Korea, stroke research using brain perfu...
Source: Molecular Medicine - February 21, 2022 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Jae Seung Kim Hye Joo Son Minyoung Oh Dong Yun Lee Hae Won Kim Jungsu Oh Source Type: research

The PROGRAM study: awake mapping versus asleep mapping versus no mapping for high-grade glioma resections: study protocol for an international multicenter prospective three-arm cohort study
This study is an international, multicenter, prospective three-arm cohort study of observational nature. Consecutive HGG patients will be operated with awake mapping, asleep mapping or no mapping with a 1:1:1 ratio. Primary endpoints are: (1) proportion of patients with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale deterioration at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after surgery and (2) residual tumour volume of the contrast-enhancing and non-contrast-enhancing part as assessed by a neuroradiologist on postoperative contrast MRI scans. Secondary endpoints are: (1) overall survival and (2) progression-free survival at 12 months af...
Source: BMJ Open - July 21, 2021 Category: General Medicine Authors: Gerritsen, J. K. W., Dirven, C. M. F., De Vleeschouwer, S., Schucht, P., Jungk, C., Krieg, S. M., Nahed, B. V., Berger, M. S., Broekman, M. L. D., Vincent, A. J. P. E. Tags: Open access, Neurology Source Type: research

Clinical and radiological aspects of bilateral temporal abnormalities: pictorial essay
Abstract The temporal lobes are vulnerable to several diseases, including infectious, immune-mediated, degenerative, vascular, metabolic, and neoplastic processes. Therefore, lesions in the temporal lobes can pose a diagnostic challenge for the radiologist. The temporal lobes are connected by structures such as the anterior commissure, corpus callosum, and hippocampal commissure. That interconnectedness favors bilateral involvement in various clinical contexts. This pictorial essay is based on a retrospective analysis of case files from a tertiary university hospital and aims to illustrate some of the conditions that simul...
Source: Radiologia Brasileira - March 26, 2021 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Very late complications of oncotherapy in glioblastoma patients: A case series.
CONCLUSION: All stroke-like syndromes are diagnoses of exclusion. To avoid misinterpretation of imaging findings as glioblastoma recurrence and avert recall oncotherapy or redundant interventions, better understanding of delayed complications of brain tumor therapy is crucial. PMID: 33612837 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biomedical Papers of the Medical Faculty of the Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub - February 23, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub Source Type: research

Neurological Adverse Effects Associated With Anti-tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Antibodies in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Conclusions: NAE associated with anti-TNFα antibodies in pediatric IBD are rare. In severe NAE, we recommend to discontinue anti-TNFα therapy and to consider alternative treatment.
Source: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - May 24, 2020 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Original Articles: Gastroenterology: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Source Type: research

A Single-Scan, Rapid Whole-Brain Protocol for Quantitative Water Content Mapping With Neurobiological Implications
Water concentration is tightly regulated in the healthy human brain and changes only slightly with age and gender in healthy subjects. Consequently, changes in water content are important for the characterization of disease. MRI can be used to measure changes in brain water content, but as these changes are usually in the low percentage range, highly accurate and precise methods are required for detection. The method proposed here is based on a long-TR (10 s) multiple-echo gradient-echo measurement with an acquisition time of 7:21 min. Using such a long TR ensures that there is no T1 weighting, meaning that the image inten...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - December 19, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

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