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Total 173 results found since Jan 2013.

Astrocyte-specific NDRG2 gene: functions in the brain and neurological diseases.
Abstract In recent years, the roles of astrocytes of the central nervous system in brain function and neurological disease have drawn increasing attention. As a member of the N-myc downstream-regulated gene (NDRG) family, NDRG2 is principally expressed in astrocytes of the central nervous system. NDRG2, which is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, is commonly regarded as a tumor suppressor. In astrocytes, NDRG2 affects the regulation of apoptosis, astrogliosis, blood-brain barrier integrity, and glutamate clearance. Several preclinical studies have revealed that NDRG2 is implicated in the pathogene...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS - December 12, 2019 Category: Cytology Authors: Li X, Wu X, Luo P, Xiong L Tags: Cell Mol Life Sci Source Type: research

Gene –disease association study of tumor necrosis factor‐α G‐308A gene polymorphism with risk of major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
ConclusionNeither the allele frequencies nor genotypes of TNF ‐α G‐308A gene could be served as an independent risk factor of depression.
Source: Brain and Behavior - April 18, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Xin Wang, Hongxiu Zhang, Xianling Cao, Wei Shi, Xiaoyu Zhou, Qian Chen, Ke Ma Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research

The State of Our Understanding of the Pathophysiology and Optimal Treatment of Depression: Glass Half Full or Half Empty?
Abstract Major depressive disorder is a remarkably common and often severe psychiatric disorder associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality. Patients with major depression are prone to several comorbid psychiatric conditions, including posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and substance use disorders, and medical conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke, cancer, which, coupled with the risk of suicide, result in a shortened life expectancy. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of our current understanding of major depression, ...
Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry - July 31, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Nemeroff CB Tags: Am J Psychiatry Source Type: research

The Pharmacological Action of Kaempferol in Central Nervous System Diseases: A Review
In conclusion, we suggest that KPF and some glycosylated derivatives (KPF-3-O-rhamnoside, KPF-3-O-glucoside, KPF-7-O-rutinoside, and KPF-4′-methyl ether) have a multipotential neuroprotective action in CNS diseases, and further studies may make the KPF effect mechanisms in those pathologies clearer. Future in vivo studies are needed to clarify the mechanism of KPF action in CNS diseases as well as the impact of glycosylation on KPF bioactivity.
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - January 13, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Pharmacological blockers of CCR5 and CXCR4 improve recovery after traumatic brain injury.
We examined the effect of maraviroc, a CCR5 antagonist used in HIV patients as a viral entry inhibitor, and of plerixafor (AMD3100), a CXCR4 antagonist used in cancer patients as an immune-modulator, on mice subjected to closed head injury (CHI). Mice were treated with maraviroc or plerixafor after CHI for the following 4 or 5 days, respectively. Neurobehavior was assessed according to the Neurological Severity Score; cognitive tests were performed by using the Y-maze, Barnes maze and the novel object recognition test; anxiety was evaluated with the open field test. The mice were sacrificed and brain tissues were collect...
Source: Experimental Neurology - January 13, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Friedman-Levi Y, Liraz-Zaltsman S, Shemesh C, Rosenblatt K, Kesner EL, Gincberg G, Carmichael ST, Silva AJ, Shohami E Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

Prevention of depression in adults with long-term physical conditions
CONCLUSIONS: Based on evidence of very low certainty, our results may indicate the benefit of pharmacological interventions, during or directly after preventive treatment. Few trials examined short-term outcomes up to six months, nor the follow-up effects at six to 12 months, with studies suffering from great numbers of drop-outs and inconclusive results. Generalisation of results is limited as study populations and treatment regimes were very heterogeneous. Based on the results of this review, we conclude that for adults with long-term physical conditions, there is only very uncertain evidence regarding the implementation...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - March 5, 2021 Category: General Medicine Authors: Hanna Kampling Harald Baumeister J ürgen Bengel Oskar Mittag Source Type: research

Stroke-Like Migraine Attacks After Radiation Therapy (SMART) Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSMART syndrome is a delayed complication of cranial irradiation that can be misconstrued as tumor recurrence or some other intracranial neurological disease. Recognition of this clinical syndrome is imperative as it can obviate the need for invasive diagnostic testing and can provide reassurance to both the patient and their loved ones.Recent FindingsSMART syndrome is generally considered a reversible clinical syndrome; however, neurological deficits may become permanent. Pathophysiology of SMART syndrome may involve cerebrovascular autoregulation impairment, neuronal dysfunction leading to trigemi...
Source: Current Pain and Headache Reports - March 24, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 26, Pages 3208: Progress in PET Imaging of Neuroinflammation Targeting COX-2 Enzyme
hn Mann Neuroinflammation and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) upregulation are associated with the pathogenesis of degenerative brain diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), epilepsy, and a response to traumatic brain injury (TBI) or stroke. COX-2 is also induced in acute pain, depression, schizophrenia, various cancers, arthritis and in acute allograft rejection. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging allows for the direct measurement of in vivo COX-2 upregulation and thereby enables disease staging, therapy evaluation and aid quantifying target occupa...
Source: Molecules - May 27, 2021 Category: Chemistry Authors: Jaya Prabhakaran Andrei Molotkov Akiva Mintz J. John Mann Tags: Review Source Type: research

4 Ways Exercise Helps Fight Aging
Everyone knows that exercise is good for you. But it’s not just beneficial for the young, healthy and already fit. It’s also one of the best defenses against the toughest aspects of aging. Exercise not only improves heart and lung health, but research shows that even modest physical activity is good for the brain, bones, muscles and mood. Numerous studies have found that lifelong exercise may keep people healthier for longer; delay the onset of 40 chronic conditions or diseases; stave off cognitive decline; reduce the risk of falls; alleviate depression, stress and anxiety; and may even help people live longer....
Source: TIME: Health - June 1, 2021 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Liz Seegert Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Neuroprotective Potential of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) in CNS Disorders: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Insights
Curr Neuropharmacol. 2021 Jun 8. doi: 10.2174/1570159X19666210608165509. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTNeurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease (HD), epilepsy, traumatic brain injury (TBI), depression and anxiety are responsible for thousands of deaths worldwide every year. With the increase in life expectancy, there has been a rise in the prevalence of these disorders. Age is one of the major risk factors for these neurological disorders and with the aged population is set to rise to 1.25 billion by 2050. There is a growing ...
Source: Current Neuropharmacology - June 9, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Namrata Pramod Kulkarni Bhupesh Vaidya Acharan Narula Shyam Sunder Sharma Source Type: research