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PCSK9 as a new player in cancer: New opportunity or red herring?
Curr Med Chem. 2021 Nov 15. doi: 10.2174/0929867328666211115122324. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTInitially described as a factor involved in liver regeneration and neuronal differentiation, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has become one of the key regulators of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Besides that, a number of studies have suggested PCSK9 may play a role in cancer biology. This is particularly true for gastroenteric (gastric and liver cancers) and lung cancers, where higher PCSK9 levels were associated with the increased ability of the tumor to develop and give metastasis as well as with...
Source: Current Medicinal Chemistry - November 16, 2021 Category: Chemistry Authors: Aldo Bonaventura Alessandra Vecchi é Massimiliano Ruscica Francesco Grossi Francesco Dentali Source Type: research

Blockage of immune checkpoint molecules increases T cell priming potential of dendritic cell vaccine.
In this study, we silenced the expression of PD-L1 in DCs and PD-1 in T cells by siRNA-loaded chitosan-dextran sulfate nanoparticles (NPs) and evaluated the DC phenotypic and functional characteristics and T cells functions following tumor antigen recognition on DCs, ex vivo. Our results showed that synthesized NPs had good physicochemical characteristics (size of 77.5 nm and zeta potential of 14.3) that was associated with efficient cellular uptake and target gene silencing. Moreover, PD-L1 silencing was associated with stimulatory characteristics of DCs. On the other hand, presentation of tumor antigens by PD-L1 negative...
Source: Immunology - October 5, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Hassannia H, Ghasemi Chaleshtari M, Atyabi F, Nosouhian M, Masjedi A, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Namdar A, Azizi G, Mohammadi H, Ghalamfarsa G, Sabz G, Hasanzadeh S, Yousefi M, Jadidi-Niaragh F Tags: Immunology Source Type: research

Gene Therapy Leaves a Vicious Cycle
Reena Goswami1, Gayatri Subramanian2, Liliya Silayeva1, Isabelle Newkirk1, Deborah Doctor1, Karan Chawla2, Saurabh Chattopadhyay2, Dhyan Chandra3, Nageswararao Chilukuri1 and Venkaiah Betapudi1,4* 1Neuroscience Branch, Research Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen, MD, United States 2Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States 3Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States 4Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Clev...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - April 23, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Immune-Modulation by the Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Focus on Dendritic Cells
This study is complemented by another report that found that hRSV infection induces significant expression of three miRNAs, namely hsa-miR-4448, hsa-miR-30a-5p, and hsa-miR-4634 in human DCs (104). Interestingly, this latter study also performed comparative analyses of miRNA profiles between DCs infected with hRSV and a related virus, namely the human metapneumovirus, and found that both viruses induced the expression of elevated levels of hsa-miR-4634. Elucidating the contribution of these miRNAs in DCs in response to hRSV remains to be determined. Dendritic Cell Phenotype and Migration Upon hRSV Infection in vivo Altho...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 14, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

SOCS and Herpesviruses, With Emphasis on Cytomegalovirus Retinitis
Christine I. Alston1,2 and Richard D. Dix1,2* 1Department of Biology, Viral Immunology Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins provide selective negative feedback to prevent pathogeneses caused by overstimulation of the immune system. Of the eight known SOCS proteins, SOCS1 and SOCS3 are the best studied, and systemic deletion of either gene causes early lethality in mice. Many viruses, including herpesviruses such as herpes simplex virus and cytomega...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 10, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 108: Cancer Immunotherapy: Silencing Intracellular Negative Immune Regulators of Dendritic Cells
eng-Chi Yen Dendritic cells (DCs) are capable of activating adaptive immune responses, or inducing immune suppression or tolerance. In the tumor microenvironment, the function of DCs is polarized into immune suppression that attenuates the effect of T cells, promoting differentiation of regulatory T cells and supporting tumor progression. Therefore, blocking negative immune regulators in DCs is considered a strategy of cancer immunotherapy. Antibodies can target molecules on the cell surface, but not intracellular molecules of DCs. The delivery of short-hairpin RNAs (shRNA) and small-interfering RNAs (siRNA) should be ...
Source: Cancers - January 17, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Yao-Hua Liu I-Jeng Yeh Ming-Derg Lai Kuan-Ting Liu Po-Lin Kuo Meng-Chi Yen Tags: Review Source Type: research