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The JAK/STAT Pathway in Skeletal Muscle Pathophysiology
Conclusion and Perspectives The IL-6/JAK/STAT signaling cascade plays a dominant role in skeletal muscle pathophysiology. IL-6 autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine functions assign to its downstream effectors pivotal importance in skeletal muscle-wasting-associated diseases and other multiple system diseases where muscle acts in communication with other organs. Targeting the components of the JAK/STAT pathway recently emerged as a strategic approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and human cancer. This review highlights the opposite outcomes on muscle biology caused by the amount of local and systemic release ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 29, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

FGF21 as Modulator of Metabolism in Health and Disease
In conclusion, FGF21 belongs to a promising class of cytokines that are induced in response to stress and that can be used as a drug, drug target, or through a biomarker, depending on the physio-pathological context. All these findings will become clear when FGF21 will be used as a therapeutic molecule, exploiting the beneficial effects of FGF21 for treating metabolic disease or when it will be blocked to ameliorate disease progression and the onset of disease. Author Contributions CT and MS wrote the manuscript. VR contributed to the discussion. Funding This work was supported from the AFM-Telethon (19524), Italian Mi...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 16, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2, Nrf2) mediates exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant response in mice.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 27094017 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Physiology - April 19, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Merry TL, Ristow M Tags: J Physiol Source Type: research

Shear Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Biogenesis Decreases the Release of Microparticles from Endothelial Cells.
Abstract The concept of enhancing structural integrity of mitochondria has emerged as a novel therapeutic option for cardiovascular disease. Flow-induced increase in laminar shear stress is a potent physiological stimulant associated with exercise which exerts atheroprotective effects in the vasculature. However, the effect of laminar shear stress on mitochondrial remodeling within the vascular endothelium and its related functional consequences remain largely unknown. Using in vitro and in vivo complementary studies, here, we report that aerobic exercise alleviates the release of endothelial microparticles in pre...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - May 29, 2015 Category: Physiology Authors: Kim JS, Kim B, Lee H, Thakkar S, Babbitt DM, Eguchi S, Brown MD, Park JY Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research

Improvement of vascular insulin sensitivity by downregulation of GRK2 mediates exercise-induced alleviation of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Abstract Exercise training lowers blood pressure and is a recommended nonpharmacological strategy and useful adjunctive therapy for hypertensive patients. Studies demonstrate that physical activity attenuates progression of hypertension. However, underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Vascular insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction plays a critical role in the development of hypertension. The present study investigated whether long-term physical exercise starting during the prehypertensive period prevents the development of hypertension via improving vascular insulin sensitivity. Young (4-week-old) prehyper...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - August 2, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Xing W, Li Y, Zhang H, Mi C, Hou Z, Quon MJ, Gao F Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research