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Advanced glycation end products induce skeletal muscle atrophy and insulin resistance via activating ROS-mediated ER stress PERK/FOXO1 signaling
In this study, we investigated whether AGEs could exacerbate skeletal muscle atrophy and its related insulin resistance. Mice were exposed to AGEs. Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) was silenced by a constructed viral vector carrying siRNA. Skeletal muscle atrophy was evaluated by H&E, oil red O, myosin skeletal heavy chain (MHC) and laminin immunofluorescent stains. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was assessed by DHE stain. Western blotting was used to evaluate protein expression and phosphorylation. Insulin resistance was monitored by insulin tolerance test (ITT) and glucose infusion rate (GIR). Mice exposed to AGEs s...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism - February 1, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Haixia Du Yanpeng Ma Xiqiang Wang Yong Zhang Ling Zhu Shuang Shi Shuo Pan Zhongwei Liu Source Type: research

Signal Peptide Features Determining the Substrate Specificities of Targeting and Translocation Components in Human ER Protein Import
In human cells, approximately 30% of all polypeptides enter the secretory pathway at the level of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This process involves cleavable amino-terminal signal peptides (SPs) or more or less amino-terminal transmembrane helices (TMHs), which serve as targeting determinants, at the level of the precursor polypeptides and a multitude of cytosolic and ER proteins, which facilitate their ER import. Alone or in combination SPs and TMHs guarantee the initial ER targeting as well as the subsequent membrane integration or translocation. Cytosolic SRP and SR, its receptor in the ER membrane, mediate cotransl...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - July 11, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Operation of the Atypical Canonical Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Pathway During Early Human Odontogenesis
In this study, we investigated whether this atypical BMP canonical signaling is conserved in human odontogenesis. We showed that pSMAD1/5/8 is required for the expression of Msh homeobox 1 (MSX1), a well-defined BMP signaling target gene, in human dental mesenchyme, but the typical BMP canonical signaling is in fact not operating in the early human developing tooth, as evidenced by the absence of pSMAD1/5/8-SMAD4 complexes in the dental mesenchyme and translocation of pSMAD1/5/8, and the expression of MSX1 induced by BMP4 is mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (SMAD4)-independent in human dental mesenchymal cells. Mo...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 8, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Impact of PCSK9 on CTRP9-Induced Metabolic Effects in Adult Rat Cardiomyocytes
In conclusion, PCSK9 treatment influences LRP1-mediated signaling pathways in cardiomyocytes. Thus, therapeutic PCSK9 inhibition may provide an additional benefit through stimulation of glucose metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis in addition to the known lipid-lowering effects. This could be an important beneficial side effect in situations with impaired mitochondrial function and reduced metabolic flexibility thereby influencing cardiac function.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 11, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Calcium-Sensing Receptor Participates in High Glucose-Induced EndMT in Primary Human Aortic Endothelial Cells
ConclusionOur research demonstrated that HG-induced EndMT in HAECs might be mediated by CaSR and the downstream nuclear translocation of β-catenin.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 15, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Evidence for SIRT1 Mediated HMGB1 Release From Kidney Cells in the Early Stages of Hemorrhagic Shock
Conclusions: The acetylation of HMGB1 in K99 and K177 is enhanced during HS due to the downregulation of SIRT1. The nucleus-to-cytoplasm translocation and the release of acetylated HMGB1 from RTECs of kidney might exacerbate the pro-inflammatory effects of HMGB1 during the development of HS.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - July 4, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Engineered Extracellular Vesicles From Human Periodontal-Ligament Stem Cells Increase VEGF/VEGFR2 Expression During Bone Regeneration
Conclusion In conclusion our results evidenced that 3D-COL/hPDLSCs/PEI-EVs may be an efficacious strategy to induce bone regeneration and vascularization of bone defects, thanks to its capacity to increase the levels of VEGF. Ethics Statement The study was performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration (2013). The written approval for the human periodontal ligament collection performed in this study has been obtained from the Medical Ethics Committee at the Medical School, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, Italy (n°266/17.04.14, Principal in...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 29, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Systems Biology Approaches and Precision Oral Health: A Circadian Clock Perspective
Conclusion Most head and neck pathologies show a broad cellular heterogeneity making it difficult to achieve an accurate diagnosis and efficient treatment (Graf and Zavodszky, 2017; Lo Nigro et al., 2017). Single cell analysis of circadian omics (Lande-Diner et al., 2015; Abraham et al., 2018), may be a crucial tool needed in the future to fully understand the circadian control of head and neck diseases. It becomes more obvious that there is only a small genetic component but a largely unknown epigenetics and/or environmental component for most of the head and neck pathologies (Moosavi and Motevalizadeh Ardekani, 2016; He...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 15, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Nandrolone ‐induced nuclear accumulation of MyoD protein is mediated by Numb, a Notch inhibitor, in C2C12 myoblasts
Abstract Signaling via the androgen receptor (AR) stimulates myogenic progenitor differentiation. In addition, myogenic differentiation factor D (MyoD) and Numb, a Notch inhibitor, play key roles in regulating myogenic differentiation. Nandrolone, an anabolic steroid, upregulates both MyoD and Numb expression in myogenic cells. However, the molecular mechanisms by which MyoD is upregulated by nandrolone are unclear. Moreover, the potential crosstalk between nandrolone, MyoD, and Numb is not well understood. With these considerations in mind, we examined the effects of nandrolone on the expression of MyoD mRNA and protein, ...
Source: Physiological Reports - January 15, 2018 Category: Physiology Authors: Xin ‐Hua Liu, Rita De Gasperi, William A. Bauman, Christopher P. Cardozo Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Transforming growth factor- β enhances Rho-kinase activity and contraction in airway smooth muscle via the nucleotide exchange factor ARHGEF1.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 29071730 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Physiology - October 25, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Shaifta Y, MacKay CE, Irechukwu N, O'Brien KA, Wright DB, Ward JPT, Knock GA Tags: J Physiol Source Type: research

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