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Infectious Disease: Outbreaks

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Total 80 results found since Jan 2013.

Inflammasomes during SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of their corresponding inhibitors
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to be a burden for human health since its outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Recently, the emergence of new variants of concerns (VOCs) is challenging for vaccines and drugs efficiency. In severe cases, SARS-CoV-2 provokes inappropriate hyperinflammatory immune responses leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and even death. This process is regulated by inflammasomes which are activated after binding of the viral spike (S) protein to cellular angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and triggers innate immune responses. Therefore, the formation of...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - June 9, 2023 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

siRNAs pools generated in Escherichia coli exhibit strong RNA-interference activity against influenza virus genomic sequences
Virology. 2022 Dec 31;579:38-45. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.12.013. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTDue to the recurrent pandemic outbreaks that occurred during the last century, Influenza A viruses are considered a serious potential danger to human health. Among the innate immune pathways in eukaryotes, RNA interference plays a significant role in the interaction between viruses and host cells. RNA interference is addressed by small dsRNA molecules produced by the host itself (miRNAs, i.e. "micro-RNAs") but can be triggered also by the administration of exogenous short RNAs (siRNAs, "short interfering RNAs"). In this work, a...
Source: Virology - January 4, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Riccardo Villa Sabrina Renzi Silvia Dotti Franco Lucchini Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 100: RNA Interference Approach Is a Good Strategy against SARS-CoV-2
ng-Huang Shen COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, created a devastating outbreak worldwide and consequently became a global health concern. However, no verifiable, specifically targeted treatment has been devised for COVID-19. Several emerging vaccines have been used, but protection has not been satisfactory. The complex genetic composition and high mutation frequency of SARS‑CoV‑2 have caused an uncertain vaccine response. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapy is an efficient strategy to control various infectious diseases employing post-transcriptional gene silencing through the silencin...
Source: Viruses - December 29, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Ying-Ray Lee Huey-Pin Tsai Chun-Sheng Yeh Chiung-Yao Fang Michael W. Y. Chan Tzu-Yun Wu Cheng-Huang Shen Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 97: HLA-A, HSPA5, IGFBP5 and PSMA2 Are Restriction Factors for Zika Virus Growth in Astrocytic Cells
Conclusions: The top ZIKV dysregulated cellular networks were antimicrobial response, cell death, and energy production while top dysregulated functions were antigen presentation, viral replication and cytopathic impact. Th1 and interferon signaling pathways were among the top dysregulated canonical pathways. siRNA-mediated KD of HLA-A, IGFBP5, PSMA2 and HSPA5 increased ZIKV titers and protein synthesis, indicating they are ZIKV restriction factors. ZIKV infection also restored HLA-A expression in HLA-A KD cells by 48 h post-infection, suggesting interactions between this gene product and ZIKV.
Source: Viruses - December 29, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Affan A. Sher Ying Tenny Lao Kevin M. Coombs Tags: Article Source Type: research

Genes, Vol. 13, Pages 2147: Anticipating the Next Chess Move: Blocking SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Simultaneously Disarming Viral Escape Mechanisms
Assumpção The COVID-19 pandemic initiated a race to determine the best measures to control the disease and to save as many people as possible. Efforts to implement social distancing, the use of masks, and massive vaccination programs turned out to be essential in reducing the devastating effects of the pandemic. Nevertheless, the high mutation rates of SARS-CoV-2 challenge the vaccination strategy and maintain the threat of new outbreaks due to the risk of infection surges and even lethal variations able to resist the effects of vaccines and upset the balance. Most of the new therapies tested against SARS-CoV-2 came ...
Source: Genes - November 18, 2022 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Samir Mansour Moraes Casseb Andr é Salim Khayat Jorge Estefano Santana de Souza Edivaldo Herculano Correa de Oliveira Sidney Emanuel Batista Dos Santos Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos Paulo Pimentel de Assump ção Tags: Article Source Type: research

Mechanisms and challenges of nanocarriers as non-viral vectors of therapeutic genes for enhanced pulmonary delivery
J Control Release. 2022 Nov 10:S0168-3659(22)00739-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.061. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTWith the rapid development of biopharmaceuticals and the outbreak of COVID-19, the world has ushered in a frenzy to develop gene therapy. Therefore, therapeutic genes have received enormous attention. However, due to the extreme instability and low intracellular gene expression of naked genes, specific vectors are required. Viral vectors are widely used attributed to their high transfection efficiency. However, due to the safety concerns of viral vectors, nanotechnology-based non-viral vectors have attrac...
Source: Cancer Control - November 13, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Hezhi Wang Lu Qin Xin Zhang Jian Guan Shirui Mao Source Type: research

Lipid Nanoparticles: A Novel Gene Delivery Technique for Clinical Application
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2022 Oct 19;44(10):5013-5027. doi: 10.3390/cimb44100341.ABSTRACTLipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are an emerging vehicle for gene delivery that accommodate both nucleic acid and protein. Based on the experience of therapeutic liposomes, current LNPs have been developed based on the chemistry of lipids and RNA and on the biology of human disease. LNPs have been used for the development of Onpattro, an siRNA drug for transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis, in 2018. The subsequent outbreak of COVID-19 required a vaccine for its suppression. LNP-based vaccine production received much attention for this and resulted...
Source: Current Issues in Molecular Biology - October 26, 2022 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Ryuichi Mashima Shuji Takada Source Type: research