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Total 223 results found since Jan 2013.

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1848: The Potential Impact of Connexin 43 Expression on Bcl-2 Protein Level and Taxane Sensitivity in Head and Neck Cancers –In Vitro Studies
This study aimed to test the role of Cx43 protein on Bcl-2 expression, tumor progression and response to taxane-based treatment in HNSCC. Human papillomavirus (HPV) negative HNSCC cell lines were tested for paclitaxel sensitivity through measuring apoptosis induction, cell viability and changes in Cx43 and Bcl-2 levels using flow cytometry, cell viability assay, immunocytochemistry and western blot. Inhibition of Cx43 expression using siRNA increased Bcl-2 protein levels in SCC25 (tongue squamous cell carcinoma) cells, while forced Cx43 expression reduced Bcl-2 levels and supported paclitaxel cytotoxicity in FaDu (hypophar...
Source: Cancers - November 21, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Bianka Gurbi Di ána Brauswetter Attila Varga P ál Gyulavári Kinga P énzes J ózsef Murányi Veronika Z ámbó Ede Birtalan Tibor Kren ács David Laurence Becker Mikl ós Csala Istv án Vályi-Nagy Istv án Peták Korn él Dános Tags: Article Source Type: research

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1681: Targeting STAT3 in Cancer with Nucleotide Therapeutics
Grandis Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a critical role in promoting the proliferation and survival of tumor cells. As a ubiquitously-expressed transcription factor, STAT3 has commonly been considered an “undruggable” target for therapy; thus, much research has focused on targeting upstream pathways to reduce the expression or phosphorylation/activation of STAT3 in tumor cells. Recently, however, novel approaches have been developed to directly inhibit STAT3 in human cancers, in the hope of reducing the survival and proliferation of tumor cells. Several of th...
Source: Cancers - October 28, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Yue-Ting K. Lau Malini Ramaiyer Daniel E. Johnson Jennifer R. Grandis Tags: Review Source Type: research

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1583: CD200 Induces Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma via β-Catenin-Mediated Nuclear Translocation
Jung Sang-Jin Lee The membrane glycoprotein CD200 binds to its receptor CD200R1 and induces tolerance, mainly in cells of the myeloid lineage; however, information regarding its role in solid tumors is limited. Here, we investigated whether CD200 expression, which is enriched mainly in high-grade head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), correlates with cancer progression, particularly the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The forced overexpression of CD200 in the HNSCC cell line, UMSCC84, not only increased the expression of EMT-related genes, but also enhanced invasiveness. The cleaved cytoplasmic do...
Source: Cancers - October 16, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Seung-Phil Shin A-RA Goh Hyeon-Gu Kang Seok-Jun Kim Jong-Kwang Kim Kyung-Tae Kim John H Lee Yong-Soo Bae Yuh-Seog Jung Sang-Jin Lee Tags: Article Source Type: research

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1550: Spironolactone, a Classic Potassium-Sparing Diuretic, Reduces Survivin Expression and Chemosensitizes Cancer Cells to Non-DNA-Damaging Anticancer Drugs
In conclusion, spironolactone is a safe candidate drug that exerts anti-cancer effects in combination with non-DNA-damaging drugs, such as gemcitabine and osimertinib, most likely through the suppression of survivin.
Source: Cancers - October 13, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Tomomi Sanomachi Shuhei Suzuki Keita Togashi Asuka Sugai Shizuka Seino Masashi Okada Takashi Yoshioka Chifumi Kitanaka Masahiro Yamamoto Tags: Article Source Type: research

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1528: Inhibition of TFF3 Enhances Sensitivity —and Overcomes Acquired Resistance—to Doxorubicin in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Mammary Carcinoma
Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1528: Inhibition of TFF3 Enhances Sensitivity—and Overcomes Acquired Resistance—to Doxorubicin in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Mammary Carcinoma Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers11101528 Authors: Han Ming Poh Yi Shiou Chiou Qing Yun Chong Ru-Mei Chen Kanchugarakoppal S. Rangappa Lan Ma Tao Zhu Alan Prem Kumar Vijay Pandey Basappa Soo-Chin Lee Peter E. Lobie Dose-dependent toxicity and acquired resistance are two major challenges limiting the efficacious treatment of mammary carcinoma (MC) with doxorubicin. Herein, we investigated the function of Trefoil Factor 3 (TFF3) in...
Source: Cancers - October 9, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Han Ming Poh Yi Shiou Chiou Qing Yun Chong Ru-Mei Chen Kanchugarakoppal S. Rangappa Lan Ma Tao Zhu Alan Prem Kumar Vijay Pandey Basappa Soo-Chin Lee Peter E. Lobie Tags: Article Source Type: research

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1490: CRISPR-Cas9 Knockdown and Induced Expression of CD133 Reveal Essential Roles in Melanoma Invasion and Metastasis
Agarwal Rosenthal CD133, known as prominin1, is a penta-span transmembrane glycoprotein presumably acancer stem cell marker for carcinomas, glioblastomas, and melanomas. We showed that CD133(+)‘melanoma-initiating cells’ are associated with chemoresistance, contributing to poor patientoutcome. The current study investigates the role(s) of CD133 in invasion and metastasis. Magneticactivatedcell sorting of a melanoma cell line (BAKP) followed by transwell invasion assays revealedthat CD133(+) cells are significantly more invasive than CD133(−) cells. Conditional reprogramm...
Source: Cancers - October 2, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Simbulan-Rosenthal Dougherty Vakili Ferraro Kuo Alobaidi Aljehane Gaur1 Sykora Glasgow Agarwal Rosenthal Tags: Article Source Type: research

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1330: Transport-Mediated Oxaliplatin Resistance Associated with Endogenous Overexpression of MRP2 in Caco-2 and PANC-1 Cells
In conclusion, oxaliplatin is a substrate of MRP2 with possibly two binding sites, and silencing MRP2 increased oxaliplatin accumulation and cytotoxicity in two widely available gastrointestinal tumour lines (PANC-1 and Caco-2).
Source: Cancers - September 7, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Riya Biswas Piyush Bugde Ji He Fabrice Merien Jun Lu Dong-Xu Liu Khine Myint Johnson Liu Mark McKeage Yan Li Tags: Article Source Type: research

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1278: Increased Non-Homologous End Joining Makes DNA-PK a Promising Target for Therapeutic Intervention in Uveal Melanoma
This study has shown that sister chromatid exchange (SCE) is low in UM which is likely due to a reduced expression of FANCD2. As FANCD2 can function to suppress non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), this study therefore investigated NHEJ in UM. The activation of the catalytic subunit of the NHEJ pathway protein DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) was measured by analysing the foci formation and the ligation efficiency by NHEJ determined using a plasmid-based end-joining assay. Using small-interfering RNA (siRNA) knock-down, and chemical inhibitors of DNA-PK, the survival of primary UM cultures and two cell lines were determ...
Source: Cancers - August 29, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Doherty Bryant Valluru Rennie Sisley Tags: Article Source Type: research

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1211: RAC1B Suppresses TGF- β-Dependent Chemokinesis and Growth Inhibition through an Autoregulatory Feed-Forward Loop Involving PAR2 and ALK5
Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1211: RAC1B Suppresses TGF-β-Dependent Chemokinesis and Growth Inhibition through an Autoregulatory Feed-Forward Loop Involving PAR2 and ALK5 Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers11081211 Authors: Hannah Otterbein Koichiro Mihara Morley D. Hollenberg Hendrik Lehnert David Witte Hendrik Ungefroren The small GTPase RAC1B functions as a powerful inhibitor of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell motility, and growth arrest in pancreatic epithelial cells. Previous work has shown that RAC1B downregulates the TGF-β type I re...
Source: Cancers - August 19, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Hannah Otterbein Koichiro Mihara Morley D. Hollenberg Hendrik Lehnert David Witte Hendrik Ungefroren Tags: Article Source Type: research

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1175: Multi-Drug/Gene NASH Therapy Delivery and Selective Hyperspectral NIR Imaging Using Chirality-Sorted Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
This study verifies the feasibility of utilizing chirality-sorted SWCNTs for the delivery and component-specific imaging of combination therapies, also suggesting a novel nanotherapeutic approach for addressing the progressions of NASH to hepatocellular carcinoma.
Source: Cancers - August 13, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Md. Tanvir Hasan Elizabeth Campbell Olga Sizova Veronica Lyle Giridhar Akkaraju D. Lynn Kirkpatrick Anton V. Naumov Tags: Article Source Type: research

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1117: Kinome-Wide Screening with Small Interfering RNA Identified Polo-like Kinase 1 as a Key Regulator of Proliferation in Oral Cancer Cells
In this study, an arrayed kinome small interfering RNA (siRNA) library was used to screen oral cancer cell lines and counter assayed with normal fibroblast cells to identify the genes required for cancer cell proliferation. We found that polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) was one of the most potent genes required for OSCC cell proliferation. The knockdown of PLK1 with a siRNA or antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) consistently diminished cyclin-B1 (CCNB1) expression/phosphorylation and the G2-M phase transition. Similar effects were observed in cells treated with the PLK1 kinase inhibitor BI6727. Besides, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)...
Source: Cancers - August 4, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Goan Liu Chang Chen Chen Kuo Lee Shu Tags: Article Source Type: research

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1066: Diminished Condensin Gene Expression Drives Chromosome Instability That May Contribute to Colorectal Cancer Pathogenesis
McManus Chromosome instability (CIN), or constantly evolving chromosome complements, is a form of genome instability implicated in the development and progression of many cancer types, however, the molecular determinants of CIN remain poorly understood. Condensin is a protein complex involved in chromosome compaction, and recent studies in model organisms show that aberrant compaction adversely impacts mitotic fidelity. To systematically assess the clinical and fundamental impacts that reduced condensin gene expression have in cancer, we first assessed gene copy number alterations of all eight condensin genes. Using pa...
Source: Cancers - July 27, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Allison K. Baergen Lucile M. Jeusset Zelda Lichtensztejn Kirk J. McManus Tags: Article Source Type: research

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 974: Expression of TMBIM6 in Cancers: The Involvement of Sp1 and PKC
Han-Jung Chae Transmembrane Bax Inhibitor Motif-containing 6 (TMBIM6) is upregulated in several cancer types and involved in the metastasis. Specific downregulation of TMBIM6 results in cancer cell death. However, the TMBIM6 gene transcriptional regulation in normal and cancer cells is least studied. Here, we identified the core promoter region (−133/+30 bp) sufficient for promoter activity of TMBIM6 gene. Reporter gene expression with mutations at transcription factor binding sites, EMSA, supershift, and ChIP assays demonstrated that Sp1 is an essential transcription factor for basal promoter activity ...
Source: Cancers - July 10, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Raghu Patil Junjappa Hyun-Kyoung Kim Seong Yeol Park Kashi Raj Bhattarai Kyung-Woon Kim Jae-Won Soh Hyung-Ryong Kim Han-Jung Chae Tags: Article Source Type: research

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 945: 6-Thioguanine and Its Analogs Promote Apoptosis of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells in a BRCA2-Dependent Manner
Conclusions: Our results provide a pre-clinical rationale for the use of 6-TG in the treatment of BRCA2-deficient castration-resistant prostate cancers, and of certain 6-TG analogues for treatment of BRCA2-proficient prostate cancers.
Source: Cancers - July 4, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Luna Laera Nicoletta Guaragnella Sergio Giannattasio Loredana Moro Tags: Article Source Type: research

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 918: Inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 stimulates noncanonical ER stress eIF2 α activation to enhance fisetin-induced chemosensitivity in HDAC inhibitor-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 918: Inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 stimulates noncanonical ER stress eIF2α activation to enhance fisetin-induced chemosensitivity in HDAC inhibitor-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cells Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers11070918 Authors: Liu Yu-Chun Chang Kuo Chen Hsu Tu Yeh Viswanadha Liao Huang Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common fatal type of malignant tumor that has highly metastatic and recurrent properties. Fisetin is a natural flavonoid found in various vegetables and fruits which exhibits anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties, as well ...
Source: Cancers - June 28, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Liu Yu-Chun Chang Kuo Chen Hsu Tu Yeh Viswanadha Liao Huang Tags: Article Source Type: research