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Activated AMPK by metformin protects against fibroblast proliferation during pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing FOXM1
Pharmacol Res. 2021 Aug 24:105844. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105844. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive and devastating lung disease of unknown etiology, excessive fibroblast proliferation serves as a key event to promote PF. Transcription factor forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is not only a well-known proto-oncogene, but also an essential driver of cell proliferation. Recently, 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is reported to reduce the incidence of PF. However, it remains elusive whether have an underlying relationship between AMPK and FOXM1 in fibroblast proliferation-mediated PF. Here, t...
Source: Cell Research - August 27, 2021 Category: Cytology Authors: Xuan Gu Yong-Yue Han Chong-Yang Yang Hui-Min Ji Yue-Jiao Lan Yu-Qian Bi Cheng Zheng Jiao Qu Ming-Han Cheng Jian Gao Source Type: research

Inhibition of AKT Enhances the Sensitivity of NSCLC Cells to Metformin
CONCLUSION: Inhibition of AKT can enhance the antitumor effect of metformin and would be a promising strategy to sensitize non-small-cell lung cancer to a combination of metformin with radiation or cisplatin.PMID:34230143 | DOI:10.21873/anticanres.15135
Source: Cell Research - July 7, 2021 Category: Cytology Authors: Se-Kyeong Jang Sung-Eun Hong DA-Hee Lee Ji Yea Kim Ji-Young Kim Jungil Hong In-Chul Park Hyeon-Ok Jin Source Type: research

Coordinated regulation of miR-27 by insulin/CREB/Hippo contributes to insulin resistance.
In this study, we attempted to identify the mechanism by which miR-27 was regulated in the context of insulin resistance, a predisposed metabolic disorder in NAFLD. With cell culture experiments and animal studies, our results showed that miR-27 was coordinately regulated by insulin, CREB, and Hippo signalings. First, miR-27 was upregulated in palmitate-treated cells and high fat diet-fed mouse livers, both of which exhibited insulin resistance and increased CREB expression. Second, miR-27 was peaked in mouse liver at post-absorptive phase when CREB activity was increased. Also, miR-27 was increased rapidly in insulin-trea...
Source: Cellular Signalling - January 27, 2021 Category: Cytology Authors: Chen YJ, Chueh LY, Lee SY, Ma PF, Chen PC, Hsu SH Tags: Cell Signal Source Type: research

Metformin Enhances Autophagy and Normalizes Mitochondrial Function to Alleviate Aging-Associated Inflammation.
Abstract Age is a non-modifiable risk factor for the inflammation that underlies age-associated diseases; thus, anti-inflammaging drugs hold promise for increasing health span. Cytokine profiling and bioinformatic analyses showed that Th17 cytokine production differentiates CD4+ T cells from lean, normoglycemic older and younger subjects, and mimics a diabetes-associated Th17 profile. T cells from older compared to younger subjects also had defects in autophagy and mitochondrial bioenergetics that associate with redox imbalance. Metformin ameliorated the Th17 inflammaging profile by increasing autophagy and impr...
Source: Cell Metabolism - May 4, 2020 Category: Cytology Authors: Bharath LP, Agrawal M, McCambridge G, Nicholas DA, Hasturk H, Liu J, Jiang K, Liu R, Guo Z, Deeney J, Apovian CM, Snyder-Cappione J, Hawk GS, Fleeman RM, Pihl RMF, Thompson K, Belkina AC, Cui L, Proctor EA, Kern PA, Nikolajczyk BS Tags: Cell Metab Source Type: research

Metformin promotes osteogenic differentiation and protects against oxidative stress-induced damage in periodontal ligament stem cells via activation of the Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
This study found that low concentrations of metformin did not affect cell proliferation but did inhibit adipogenic differentiation and promote osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. This positive effect was associated with activation of Akt signaling by metformin. Moreover, applying metformin as either a pretreatment or co-treatment could reduce the amount of reactive oxygen species, enhance antioxidant capacity, and rescue the cell viability and osteogenic differentiation that were negatively affected by H2O2-induced oxidative stress in PDLSCs. In addition, metformin was found to activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway in PDLS...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - November 8, 2019 Category: Cytology Authors: Jia L, Xiong Y, Zhang W, Ma X, Xu X Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Metformin Alleviates Radiation-Induced Skin Fibrosis via the Downregulation of FOXO3
Conclusions: The results indicated that metformin suppresses radiation-induced skin injuries by modulating the expression of FOXO3 through PIK3r1. Collectively, the data obtained in this study suggested that metformin could be a potent therapeutic agent for alleviating radiation-induced skin fibrosis.Cell Physiol Biochem 2018;48:959 –970
Source: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry - July 23, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

The interplay of AMP‐activated protein kinase and androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells
Abstract AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) has recently emerged as a potential target for cancer therapy due to the observation that activation of AMPK inhibits tumor cell growth. It is well‐known that androgen receptor (AR) signaling is a major driver for the development and progression of prostate cancer and that downregulation of AR is a critical step in the induction of apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. However, little is known about the potential interaction between AMPK and AR signaling pathways. In the current study, we showed that activation of AMPK by metformin caused decrease of AR protein level through s...
Source: Journal of Cellular Physiology - October 17, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Min Shen, Zhen Zhang, Manohar Ratnam, Q. Ping Dou Tags: Rapid Communication Source Type: research