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The JAK/STAT Pathway in Skeletal Muscle Pathophysiology
Conclusion and Perspectives The IL-6/JAK/STAT signaling cascade plays a dominant role in skeletal muscle pathophysiology. IL-6 autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine functions assign to its downstream effectors pivotal importance in skeletal muscle-wasting-associated diseases and other multiple system diseases where muscle acts in communication with other organs. Targeting the components of the JAK/STAT pathway recently emerged as a strategic approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and human cancer. This review highlights the opposite outcomes on muscle biology caused by the amount of local and systemic release ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 29, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Gene Therapy Leaves a Vicious Cycle
Reena Goswami1, Gayatri Subramanian2, Liliya Silayeva1, Isabelle Newkirk1, Deborah Doctor1, Karan Chawla2, Saurabh Chattopadhyay2, Dhyan Chandra3, Nageswararao Chilukuri1 and Venkaiah Betapudi1,4* 1Neuroscience Branch, Research Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen, MD, United States 2Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States 3Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States 4Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Clev...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - April 23, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Oligonucleotides —A Novel Promising Therapeutic Option for IBD
Conclusions In this review, we focused on recent and past approaches to test the therapeutic efficacy of oligonucleotide based therapies in IBD. The combining mechanistic mode of oligonucleotide based therapeutics is a targeted action on specific pro-inflammatory molecules, which are over activated in IBD patients and contribute significantly to disease pathogenesis. The proposed high selectivity of the agents is derived from its mode of action, that aims to specifically block certain inflammatory molecular patterns, without a general systemic effect on other molecular targets. It would be important for each oligonucleot...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 23, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Abstract 191: The role of microRNAs in the epigenetic silencing of CHD5, a tumor suppressor in neuroblastoma
Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is a tumor of the sympathetic nervous system that is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood. NBs show remarkable clinical heterogeneity, and we, along with others, have identified different patterns of genomic change that underlie these diverse clinical behaviors. We first identified 1p deletion as a characteristic change in advanced stage NBs. CHD5, a tumor suppressor gene, was first identified because of its location on 1p36. However, mutation of the remaining allele of CHD5 is rare in these tumors. Therefore, it is likely that epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in CH...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Naraparaju, K., Kolla, V., Zhuang, T., Higashi, M., Blobel, G. A., Brodeur, G. M. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research