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FGF21 as Modulator of Metabolism in Health and Disease
In conclusion, FGF21 belongs to a promising class of cytokines that are induced in response to stress and that can be used as a drug, drug target, or through a biomarker, depending on the physio-pathological context. All these findings will become clear when FGF21 will be used as a therapeutic molecule, exploiting the beneficial effects of FGF21 for treating metabolic disease or when it will be blocked to ameliorate disease progression and the onset of disease. Author Contributions CT and MS wrote the manuscript. VR contributed to the discussion. Funding This work was supported from the AFM-Telethon (19524), Italian Mi...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 16, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Systems Biology Approaches and Precision Oral Health: A Circadian Clock Perspective
Conclusion Most head and neck pathologies show a broad cellular heterogeneity making it difficult to achieve an accurate diagnosis and efficient treatment (Graf and Zavodszky, 2017; Lo Nigro et al., 2017). Single cell analysis of circadian omics (Lande-Diner et al., 2015; Abraham et al., 2018), may be a crucial tool needed in the future to fully understand the circadian control of head and neck diseases. It becomes more obvious that there is only a small genetic component but a largely unknown epigenetics and/or environmental component for most of the head and neck pathologies (Moosavi and Motevalizadeh Ardekani, 2016; He...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 15, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Connecting Metainflammation and Neuroinflammation Through the PTN-MK-RPTP β/ζ Axis: Relevance in Therapeutic Development
Conclusion The expression of the components of the PTN-MK-RPTPβ/ζ axis in immune cells and in inflammatory diseases suggests important roles for this axis in inflammation. Pleiotrophin has been recently identified as a limiting factor of metainflammation, a chronic pathological state that contributes to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Pleiotrophin also seems to potentiate acute neuroinflammation independently of the inflammatory stimulus while MK seems to play different -even opposite- roles in acute neuroinflammation depending on the stimulus. Which are the functions of MK and PTN in chronic neuroi...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Ablation of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase reprogram white fat to beige-like fat through an increase in mitochondrial integrity, HO-1-adiponectin in vitro and in vivo
In this study, we explore the effects of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) deletion on various aspects of adipocyte-function, including programing for white vs. beige-like fat, and mitochondrial and thermogenic gene-expressions. We further hypothesize that EETs and heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1) form a synergistic, functional module whose effects on adipocyte and vascular function is greater than the effects of sEH deletion alone. In in vitro studies, we examined the effect of sEH inhibitors on MSC-derived adipocytes. MSC-derived adipocytes exposed to AUDA, an inhibitor of sEH, exhibit an increased number of small and healthy adipo...
Source: Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators - July 22, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Combination of resveratrol and 5-azacytydine improves osteogenesis of metabolic syndrome mesenchymal stem cells.
Abstract Endocrine disorders have become more and more frequently diagnosed in humans and animals. In horses, equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is characterized by insulin resistance, hyperleptinemia, hyperinsulinemia, inflammation and usually by pathological obesity. Due to an increased inflammatory response in the adipose tissue, cytophysiological properties of adipose derived stem cells (ASC) have been impaired, which strongly limits their therapeutic potential. Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondria deterioration and accelerated ageing of those cells affect their multipotency and restric...
Source: J Cell Mol Med - July 12, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Marycz K, Kornicka K, Irwin-Houston JM, Weiss C Tags: J Cell Mol Med Source Type: research

Parathyroid hormone-related protein, human adipose-derived Stem cells adipogenic capacity and healthy obesity.
CONCLUSIONS: PTHrP could be a potential new therapeutic target for the reprograming of adipogenesis and adipose tissue expansion, thus possibly ameliorating the metabolic syndrome in obese subjects. PMID: 25885945 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - April 17, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Roca-Rodríguez MM, Bekay RE, Garrido-Sanchez L, Gómez-Serrano M, Coin-Aragüez L, Oliva-Olivera W, Lhamyani S, Clemente-Postigo M, García-Santos E, Luna Diaz R, Yubero-Serrano EM, Real JF, Peral B, Tinahones FJ Tags: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research