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Cancers, Vol. 13, Pages 418: Targeting the Sonic Hedgehog Pathway to Suppress the Expression of the Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) —Related Transcription Factors and CSC-Driven Thyroid Tumor Growth
The objective of our current investigation was to determine the role of the Shh pathway in regulating BMI1 and SOX2 expression in thyroid cancer and promoting thyroid tumor growth and development. Here we report that inhibition of the Shh pathway by Gli1 siRNA or by cyclopamine and GANT61 reduced BMI1 and SOX2 expression in SW1736 and KAT-18 cells, two anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines. The opposite results were obtained in cells overexpressing Gli1 or its downstream transcription factor Snail. The Shh pathway regulated SOX2 and BMI1 expression at a transcriptional and post-transcriptional level, respectively. GANT61 tr...
Source: Cancers - January 22, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Yurong Lu Yiwen Zhu Shihan Deng Yuhuang Chen Wei Li Jing Sun Xiulong Xu Tags: Article Source Type: research

Sanguinarine Induces Apoptosis Pathway in Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines via Inhibition of the JaK2/STAT3 Signaling
In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities of SNG in a panel of MM cell lines (U266, IM9, MM1S, and RPMI-8226). SNG treatment of MM cells resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability through mitochondrial membrane potential loss and activation of caspase 3, 9, and cleavage of PARP. Pre-treatment of MM cells with a universal caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, prevented SNG mediated loss of cell viability, apoptosis, and caspase activation, confirming that SNG-mediated apoptosis is caspase-dependent. The SNG-mediated apoptosis appears to be resulted from suppres...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - April 16, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Systems Biology Approaches and Precision Oral Health: A Circadian Clock Perspective
Conclusion Most head and neck pathologies show a broad cellular heterogeneity making it difficult to achieve an accurate diagnosis and efficient treatment (Graf and Zavodszky, 2017; Lo Nigro et al., 2017). Single cell analysis of circadian omics (Lande-Diner et al., 2015; Abraham et al., 2018), may be a crucial tool needed in the future to fully understand the circadian control of head and neck diseases. It becomes more obvious that there is only a small genetic component but a largely unknown epigenetics and/or environmental component for most of the head and neck pathologies (Moosavi and Motevalizadeh Ardekani, 2016; He...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 15, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

The JAK/STAT3 and NF- κB signaling pathways regulate cancer stem cell properties in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells.
Conclusions:</b> These results suggest that JAK/STAT3 and NF-κB signals play important roles in ATC-CSCs. Targeting these signaling pathways may be a promising approach to treat ATC. PMID: 30784360 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association - February 21, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Tags: Thyroid Source Type: research

Down-regulation of ALDH1A3, CD44 or MDR1 sensitizes resistant cancer cells to FAK autophosphorylation inhibitor Y15
Conclusions This report clearly demonstrates the mechanism of resistance to FAK autophosphorylation inhibitor and the mechanism to overcome it that is important for developing FAK-targeted therapy approaches.
Source: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology - February 5, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

The Roles of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Marker PRRX1 and MicroRNA 146b-5p in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Progression.
Abstract Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy, and papillary thyroid carcinoma represents the most common thyroid cancer. Papillary thyroid carcinomas that invade locally or metastasize are associated with a poor prognosis. We found that, during epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), papillary thyroid carcinoma cells acquired increased cancer stem cell-like features and the transcription factor paired-related homeobox protein 1 (PRX-1; alias PRRX1), a newly identified EMT inducer, was markedly up-regulated. miR-146b-5p was also transiently ...
Source: The American Journal of Pathology - June 16, 2014 Category: Pathology Authors: Hardin H, Guo Z, Shan W, Montemayor-Garcia C, Asioli S, Yu XM, Harrison AD, Chen H, Lloyd RV Tags: Am J Pathol Source Type: research