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miRNA-218 Targets Lipin-1 and Glucose Transporter Type 4 Genes in 3T3-L1 Cells Treated With Lopinavir/Ritonavir
Conclusion: 3T3-L1 cells, treated with LPV/RTV, show altered lipid content due to increased miRNA-218 levels, which affects lipin-1 mRNA. Moreover, increased miRNA-218 levels were inversely correlated with changes in GLUT-4 expression, which suggests a role for miRNA-218 in mediating the insulin resistance consequent to cART. Introduction Metabolic syndrome is a serious consequence of combined Antiretroviral Therapy (cART). HIV-associated metabolic syndrome is often accompanied by lipodystrophy (LS), the redistribution of body fat with loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue in face, limbs and buttocks, concomitant wit...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 29, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

The JAK/STAT Pathway in Skeletal Muscle Pathophysiology
Conclusion and Perspectives The IL-6/JAK/STAT signaling cascade plays a dominant role in skeletal muscle pathophysiology. IL-6 autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine functions assign to its downstream effectors pivotal importance in skeletal muscle-wasting-associated diseases and other multiple system diseases where muscle acts in communication with other organs. Targeting the components of the JAK/STAT pathway recently emerged as a strategic approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and human cancer. This review highlights the opposite outcomes on muscle biology caused by the amount of local and systemic release ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 29, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells Interactions With Natural Killer Cells and Pro-angiogenic Activities: Roles in Tumor Progression
Conclusions MDSC are major players in the immunosuppressive scenario in cancer, thanks to their phenotype heterogeneity and critical interaction with several innate immune cells, thus representing a crucial target in oncology. Here we reviewed the interactions of MDSCs with NK cells. The contribution of key cytokines, chemokines and mediators active in this process have been discussed. We also described the contribution of MDSC on angiogenesis directly or indirectly through interactions with NK and immunosuppressive activities. A parallel of the cancer associated to the decidual counterpart of these cells is discussed, a...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 17, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Hepatoma-Derived Growth Factor and DDX5 Promote Carcinogenesis and Progression of Endometrial Cancer by Activating β-Catenin
Conclusion: Our results provide novel evidence that HDGF interacts with DDX5 and promotes the progression of EC through the induction of β-catenin. Introduction Endometrial cancer (EC) comprises the most common malignancy involving the female genital tract and the fourth most common malignancy in women after breast, lung, and colorectal cancers (1). In 2012, approximately 320,000 new cases of EC were diagnosed worldwide and the incidence is increasing (2). Currently, endometrial carcinogenesis is thought to be a multi-step process involving the coordinated interaction of hormonal regulation, gene mutation, ad...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - April 10, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research