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In vivo disassembly of IV administered siRNA matrix nanoparticles at the renal filtration barrier.
In this report, the biodistribution in mice of siRNA loaded dextran nanogels was investigated in detail. Both single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging and fluorescence single particle tracking (fSPT) indicate that the particles are rapidly cleared from the circulation. PEGylation of the nanogels was not able to increase the half-life in the bloodstream. Carrier disassembly in the systemic circulation and phagocytic clearance are known to facilitate the elimination of siRNA nanoparticles. Additionally, it is demonstrated for dextran nanogels that also the kidneys play an important role in their elimination...
Source: Biomaterials - December 19, 2012 Category: Materials Science Authors: Naeye B, Deschout H, Caveliers V, Descamps B, Braeckmans K, Vanhove C, Demeester J, Lahoutte T, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K Tags: Biomaterials Source Type: research

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles mediated 131I-hVEGF siRNA inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma tumor growth in nude mice
Conclusions: EMF-guided 131I-hVEGF siRNA/SilenceMag exhibited an antitumor effect. The synergic therapy of 131I-hVEGF siRNA/SilenceMag might be a promising future treatment option against HCC with the dual functional properties of tumor therapy and imaging.
Source: BMC Cancer - February 21, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jing ChenShu ZhuLiangqian TongJiansha LiFei ChenYunfeng HanMing ZhaoWei Xiong Source Type: research

The Discoidin Domain Receptor 2/Annexin A2/Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 Loop Promotes Joint Destruction in Arthritis Through Promoting Migration and Invasion of Fibroblast‐like Synoviocytes
ConclusionAnnexin A2 is a key molecule in the DDR‐2/annexin A2/MMP‐13 loop, the activation of which contributes to joint destruction in RA, mainly through promoting invasion of FLS. Annexin A2 might therefore become a novel clinical target for RA treatment.
Source: Arthritis and Rheumatism - August 26, 2014 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Wei Zhao, Cun Zhang, Man Shi, Jian Zhang, Meng Li, Xiaochang Xue, Zhao Zhang, Zhen Shu, Jinyu Zhu, Nan Mu, Weina Li, Qiang Hao, Zhijun Wang, Li Gong, Wei Zhang, Yingqi Zhang Tags: Rheumatoid Arthritis Source Type: research

How visual search relates to visual diagnostic performance: a narrative systematic review of eye-tracking research in radiology
Abstract Eye tracking research has been conducted for decades to gain understanding of visual diagnosis such as in radiology. For educational purposes, it is important to identify visual search patterns that are related to high perceptual performance and to identify effective teaching strategies. This review of eye-tracking literature in the radiology domain aims to identify visual search patterns associated with high perceptual performance. Databases PubMed, EMBASE, ERIC, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science were searched using ‘visual perception’ OR ‘eye tracking’ AND ‘radiology’ and synonyms. Two aut...
Source: Advances in Health Sciences Education - July 18, 2016 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: research

Red flags to screen for vertebral fracture in people presenting with low back pain
CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence suggests that only a few red flags are potentially useful in guiding clinical decisions to further investigate people suspected to have a vertebral fracture. Most red flags were not useful as screening tools to identify vertebral fracture in people with low back pain. In primary care, 'older age' was informative for 'unspecified vertebral fracture', and 'trauma' and 'corticosteroid use' were both informative for 'unspecified vertebral fracture' and 'osteoporotic vertebral fracture'. In secondary care, 'older age' was informative for 'osteoporotic vertebral fracture' and 'trauma' was info...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - August 24, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Christopher S Han Mark J Hancock Aron Downie Jeffrey G Jarvik Bart W Koes Gustavo C Machado Arianne P Verhagen Christopher M Williams Qiuzhe Chen Christopher G Maher Source Type: research

The Effect of Teaching Search Strategies on Perceptual Performance
Conclusions Teaching a drilling strategy is preferable to teaching a scanning strategy for finding lung nodules.
Source: Academic Radiology - February 24, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Coordinate-based fast lightweight path search algorithm for electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy
AbstractElectromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) uses electromagnetic positioning technology to guide the bronchoscope to accurately and quickly reach the lesion along the planned path. However, enormous data in high-resolution lung computed tomography (CT) and the complex structure of multilevel branching bronchial tree make fast path search challenging for path planning. We propose a coordinate-based fast lightweight path search (CPS) algorithm for ENB. First, the centerline is extracted from the bronchial tree by applying topological thinning. Then, Euclidean-distance-based coordinate search is applied. The centerl...
Source: Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing - December 31, 2022 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment
CONCLUSIONS: We found moderate-certainty evidence based on five trials that elective neck dissection of clinically negative neck nodes at the time of removal of the primary oral cavity tumour is superior to therapeutic neck dissection, with increased survival and disease-free survival, and reduced locoregional recurrence. There was moderate-certainty evidence from one trial of no difference between positron emission tomography (PET-CT) following chemoradiotherapy versus planned neck dissection in terms of overall survival or locoregional recurrence. The evidence for each of the other seven comparisons came from only one or...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - August 31, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Helen V Worthington Vishal M Bulsara Anne-Marie Glenny Janet E Clarkson David I Conway Michaelina Macluskey Source Type: research

Blood Biomarkers for Traumatic Brain Injury: A Quantitative Assessment of Diagnostic and Prognostic Accuracy
Conclusion We have reviewed the literature and identified blood biomarkers with the highest discriminative abilities as determined by operating characteristics in four commonly encountered clinical situations: diagnosing concussion, predicting the need for a CT scan after mTBI, predicting delayed recovery after mTBI, and predicting poor outcome after sTBI. The top performers in each category may provide insight into pathogenic mechanisms of TBI that most influence the measured endpoint. Nonetheless, many challenges remain before these biomarkers can be incorporated into clinical practice. In particular, it remains unclear...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The Radiologist ’s Gaze: Mapping Three-Dimensional Visual Search in Computed Tomography of the Abdomen and Pelvis
This study describes visual search patterns of radiologists in inte rpretation of CTs of the abdomen and pelvis to better approach future endeavors in determining the effects of manipulations such as fatigue, interruptions, and computer-aided detection.
Source: Journal of Digital Imaging - October 5, 2018 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Satisfaction of Search from Detection of Pulmonary Nodules in Computed Tomography of the Chest
Conclusion: The SOS effect in CT examination of the chest is similar to that found in contrast examination of the abdomen, involving induced visual neglect.
Source: Academic Radiology - October 29, 2012 Category: Radiology Authors: Kevin S. Berbaum, Kevin M. Schartz, Robert T. Caldwell, Mark T. Madsen, Brad H. Thompson, Brian F. Mullan, Andrew N. Ellingson, Edmund A. Franken Tags: Original Investigations Source Type: research

Neuroimaging for the evaluation of chronic headaches: an evidence-based analysis.
The objectives of this evidence based review are: i) To determine the effectiveness of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in the evaluation of persons with a chronic headache and a normal neurological examination.ii) To determine the comparative effectiveness of CT and MRI scans for detecting significant intracranial abnormalities in persons with chronic headache and a normal neurological exam.iii) To determine the budget impact of CT and MRI scans for persons with a chronic headache and a normal neurological exam. CLINICAL NEED: CONDITION AND TARGET POPULATION Headaches disorders are g...
Source: Ontario Health Technology Assessment Series - December 20, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Tags: Ont Health Technol Assess Ser Source Type: research

RbQE: An Efficient Method for Content-Based Medical Image Retrieval Based on Query Expansion
AbstractSystems for retrieving and managing content-based medical images are becoming more important, especially as medical imaging technology advances and the medical image database grows. In addition, these systems can also use medical images to better grasp and gain a deeper understanding of the causes and treatments of different diseases, not just for diagnostic purposes. For achieving all these purposes, there is a critical need for an efficient and accurate content-based medical image retrieval (CBMIR) method. This paper proposes an efficient method (RbQE) for the retrieval of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic re...
Source: Journal of Digital Imaging - January 26, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research