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Total 37 results found since Jan 2013.

Emerging neural specialization of the ventral occipitotemporal cortex to characters through phonological association learning in preschool children
Publication date: Available online 22 January 2019Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Georgette Pleisch, Iliana I. Karipidis, Christian Brauchli, Martina Röthlisberger, Christoph Hofstetter, Philipp Stämpfli, Susanne Walitza, Silvia BremAbstractThe ventral occipitotemporal (vOT) cortex serves as a core region for visual processing, and specific areas of this region show preferential activation for various visual categories such as faces and print. The emergence of such functional specialization in the human cortex represents a pivotal developmental process, which provides a basis for targeted and efficient information processin...
Source: NeuroImage - January 22, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Evaluation of methods for volumetric analysis of pediatric brain data: The childmetrix pipeline versus adult-based approaches
Publication date: 2018Source: NeuroImage: Clinical, Volume 19Author(s): Thanh Vân Phan, Diana M. Sima, Caroline Beelen, Jolijn Vanderauwera, Dirk Smeets, Maaike VandermostenAbstractPediatric brain volumetric analysis based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is of particular interest in order to understand the typical brain development and to characterize neurodevelopmental disorders at an early age. However, it has been shown that the results can be biased due to head motion, inherent to pediatric data, and due to the use of methods based on adult brain data that are not able to accurately model the anatomical disparity ...
Source: NeuroImage: Clinical - July 10, 2018 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Multi-method brain imaging reveals impaired representations of number as well as altered connectivity in adults with dyscalculia
Publication date: Available online 7 June 2018Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Jessica Bulthé, Jellina Prinsen, Jolijn Vanderauwera, Stefanie Duyck, Nicky Daniels, Céline R. Gillebert, Dante Mantini, Hans P. Op de Beeck, Bert De SmedtAbstractTwo hypotheses have been proposed about the etiology of neurodevelopmental learning disorders, such as dyslexia and dyscalculia: representation impairments and disrupted access to representations. We implemented a multi-method brain imaging approach to directly investigate these representation and access hypotheses in dyscalculia, a highly prevalent but understudied neurodevelopmental di...
Source: NeuroImage - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Evaluation of methods for volumetric analysis of pediatric brain data: The childmetrix pipeline versus adult-based approaches
Publication date: 2018Source: NeuroImage: Clinical, Volume 19Author(s): Thanh Vân Phan, Diana M. Sima, Caroline Beelen, Jolijn Vanderauwera, Dirk Smeets, Maaike VandermostenAbstractPediatric brain volumetric analysis based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is of particular interest in order to understand the typical brain development and to characterize neurodevelopmental disorders at an early age. However, it has been shown that the results can be biased due to head motion, inherent to pediatric data, and due to the use of methods based on adult brain data that are not able to accurately model the anatomical disparity ...
Source: NeuroImage: Clinical - July 5, 2018 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Multi-method brain imaging reveals impaired representations of number as well as altered connectivity in adults with dyscalculia
Publication date: Available online 7 June 2018Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Jessica Bulthé, Jellina Prinsen, Jolijn Vanderauwera, Stefanie Duyck, Nicky Daniels, Céline R. Gillebert, Dante Mantini, Hans P. Op de Beeck, Bert De SmedtAbstractTwo hypotheses have been proposed about the etiology of neurodevelopmental learning disorders, such as dyslexia and dyscalculia: representation impairments and disrupted access to representations. We implemented a multi-method brain imaging approach to directly investigate these representation and access hypotheses in dyscalculia, a highly prevalent but understudied neurodevelopmental di...
Source: NeuroImage - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Evaluation of methods for volumetric analysis of pediatric brain data: The childmetrix pipeline versus adult-based approaches
Publication date: Available online 23 May 2018 Source:NeuroImage: Clinical Author(s): Thanh Vân Phan, Diana M. Sima, Caroline Beelen, Jolijn Vanderauwera, Dirk Smeets, Maaike Vandermosten Pediatric brain volumetric analysis based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is of particular interest in order to understand the typical brain development and to characterize neurodevelopmental disorders at an early age. However, it has been shown that the results can be biased due to head motion, inherent to pediatric data, and due to the use of methods based on adult brain data that are not able to accurately model the anatomical di...
Source: NeuroImage: Clinical - May 24, 2018 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Altered Structural Connectivity of the Left Visual Thalamus in Developmental Dyslexia.
Abstract Developmental dyslexia is a highly prevalent reading disorder affecting about 5%-10% of children [1]. It is characterized by slow and/or inaccurate word recognition skills as well as by poor spelling and decoding abilities [2]. Partly due to technical challenges with investigating subcortical sensory structures, current research on dyslexia in humans by and large focuses on the cerebral cortex [3-7]. These studies found that dyslexia is typically associated with functional and structural alterations of a distributed left-hemispheric cerebral cortex network (e.g., [8, 9]). However, findings from animal mod...
Source: Current Biology - November 10, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Müller-Axt C, Anwander A, von Kriegstein K Tags: Curr Biol Source Type: research

Hemispheric asymmetries in the orientation and location of the lateral geniculate nucleus in dyslexia
Human brain asymmetry reflects normal specialization of functional roles and may derive from evolutionary, hereditary, developmental, experiential, and pathological factors (Toga & Thompson, 2003). Geschwind and Galaburda (1985) suggested that processing difficulties in dyslexia are due to structural differences between hemispheres. Because of its potential significance to the controversial magnocellular theory of dyslexia, we investigated hemispheric differences in the human lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), the primary visual relay and control nucleus in the thalamus, in subjects with dyslexia compared to normal read...
Source: Dyslexia - November 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: M ónica Giraldo‐Chica, Keith A. Schneider Tags: SHORT REPORT Source Type: research

Gender differences in the structural connectome of the teenage brain revealed by generalized q-sampling MRI
This study included 59 (i.e., 33 males and 26 females) age- and education-matched subjects (age range: 13 to 14years). The structural connectome was obtained by graph theoretical and network-based statistical (NBS) analyses. Our findings show that teenage male brains exhibit better intrahemispheric communication, and teenage female brains exhibit better interhemispheric communication. Our results also suggest that the network organization of teenage male brains is more local, more segregated, and more similar to small-world networks than teenage female brains. We conclude that the use of an MRI study with a GQI-based struc...
Source: NeuroImage: Clinical - May 22, 2017 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Shared temporoparietal dysfunction in dyslexia and typical readers with discrepantly high IQ
Publication date: Available online 3 November 2016 Source:Trends in Neuroscience and Education Author(s): Roeland Hancock, John D.E. Gabrieli, Fumiko Hoeft It is currently believed that reading disability (RD) should be defined by reading level without regard to broader aptitude (IQ). There is debate, however, about how to classify individuals who read in the typical range but less well than would be expected by their higher IQ. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 49 children to examine whether those with typical, but discrepantly low reading ability relative to IQ, show dyslexia-like activation patter...
Source: Trends in Neuroscience and Education - November 2, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Disrupted white matter connectivity underlying developmental dyslexia: A machine learning approach
Abstract Developmental dyslexia has been hypothesized to result from multiple causes and exhibit multiple manifestations, implying a distributed multidimensional effect on human brain. The disruption of specific white‐matter (WM) tracts/regions has been observed in dyslexic children. However, it remains unknown if developmental dyslexia affects the human brain WM in a multidimensional manner. Being a natural tool for evaluating this hypothesis, the multivariate machine learning approach was applied in this study to compare 28 school‐aged dyslexic children with 33 age‐matched controls. Structural magnetic resonance im...
Source: Human Brain Mapping - January 20, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Zaixu Cui, Zhichao Xia, Mengmeng Su, Hua Shu, Gaolang Gong Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

More bilateral, more anterior: Alterations of brain organization in the large-scale structural network in Chinese dyslexia
Publication date: 1 January 2016 Source:NeuroImage, Volume 124, Part A Author(s): Ting Qi, Bin Gu, Guosheng Ding, Gaolang Gong, Chunming Lu, Danling Peng, Jeff G. Malins, Li Liu Abnormalities in large-scale brain networks have been recently reported in dyslexia; however, it remains unclear whether these abnormalities are congenital (due to dyslexia per se) or arise later in development. Here, structural magnetic resonance imaging data of 17 Chinese reading disabled (RD) and 17 age-matched typically developing (TD) children were used to construct cortical thickness (sensitive to postnatal development) and surface ...
Source: NeuroImage - September 20, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Increased Resting-State Functional Connectivity in the Cingulo-Opercular Cognitive-Control Network after Intervention in Children with Reading Difficulties
The objective of the current study was to determine whether the training also has an effect on functional connectivity of the cingulo-opercular and fronto-parietal cognitive-control networks during rest in children with dyslexia and typical readers. Fifteen children with reading difficulty and 17 typical readers (8-12 years old) were included in the study. Reading and executive functions behavioral measures and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected before and after reading training. Imaging data were analyzed using a graphical network-modeling tool. Both reading groups had increased readin...
Source: PLoS One - July 21, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus et al. Source Type: research

Orthographic Dependency in the Neural Correlates of Reading: Evidence from Audiovisual Integration in English Readers
Reading skills are indispensible in modern technological societies. In transparent alphabetic orthographies, such as Dutch, reading skills build on associations between letters and speech sounds (LS pairs). Previously, we showed that the superior temporal cortex (STC) of Dutch readers is sensitive to the congruency of LS pairs. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate whether a similar congruency sensitivity exists in STC of readers of the more opaque English orthography, where the relation among LS pairs is less reliable. Eighteen subjects passively perceived congruent and incongruent audiovisual...
Source: Cerebral Cortex - May 12, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Holloway, I. D., van Atteveldt, N., Blomert, L., Ansari, D. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Greater functional connectivity between reading and error-detection regions following training with the reading acceleration program in children with reading difficulties.
Abstract The Reading Acceleration Program is a computerized program that improves reading and the activation of the error-detection mechanism in individuals with reading difficulty (RD) and typical readers (TRs). The current study aims to find the neural correlates for this effect in English-speaking 8-12-year-old children with RD and TRs using a functional connectivity analysis. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected during a lexical decision task before and after 4 weeks of training with the program, together with reading and executive functions measures. Results indicated improvement in read...
Source: Annals of Dyslexia - February 14, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Horowitz-Kraus T, Holland SK Tags: Ann Dyslexia Source Type: research