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Total 37 results found since Jan 2013.

Neuroanatomical precursors of dyslexia identified from pre-reading through to age 11
In this study, we acquired structural magnetic resonance imaging scans longitudinally from 27 Norwegian children from before formal literacy training began until after dyslexia was diagnosed. Thus, we were able to determine that the primary neuroanatomical abnormalities that precede dyslexia are not in the reading network itself, but rather in lower-level areas responsible for auditory and visual processing and core executive functions. Abnormalities in the reading network itself were only observed at age 11, after children had learned how to read. The findings suggest that abnormalities in the reading network are the cons...
Source: Brain - November 19, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Clark, K. A., Helland, T., Specht, K., Narr, K. L., Manis, F. R., Toga, A. W., Hugdahl, K. Tags: Reports Source Type: research

Atypical lateralization of phonological working memory in developmental dyslexia
Publication date: Available online 23 August 2014 Source:Journal of Neurolinguistics Author(s): Min Xu , Jing Yang , Wai Ting Siok , Li Hai Tan Developmental dyslexia is a neurological condition characterized by unexpected low reading performance in people with normal intelligence and typical schooling. One prominent theory posits that dyslexic children fail to establish left-hemispheric dominance of visual representations and visual-phonological/meaning integration of printed words and thus exhibit an atypical lateralization of lexical processing. Behavioral, electrophysiological, histological, and morphological imaging...
Source: Journal of Neurolinguistics - November 3, 2014 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: research

Neurobiology of dyslexia.
Abstract Dyslexia is one of the most common learning disabilities, yet its brain basis and core causes are not yet fully understood. Neuroimaging methods, including structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and electrophysiology, have significantly contributed to knowledge about the neurobiology of dyslexia. Recent studies have discovered brain differences before formal instruction that likely encourage or discourage learning to read effectively, distinguished between brain differences that likely reflect the etiology of dyslexia versus brain differences that are the consequen...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology - October 4, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Norton ES, Beach SD, Gabrieli JD Tags: Curr Opin Neurobiol Source Type: research

Readers with dyslexia have disrupted network connections in the brain, map the circuitry of dyslexia shows
Dyslexia, the most commonly diagnosed learning disability in the United States, is a neurological reading disability that occurs when the regions of the brain that process written language don't function normally. The use of non-invasive functional neuroimaging tools has helped characterize how brain activity is disrupted in dyslexia. However, most prior work has focused on only a small number of brain regions, leaving a gap in our understanding of how multiple brain regions communicate with one another through networks, called functional connectivity, in persons with dyslexia. Scientists have now conducted a whole-brain f...
Source: ScienceDaily Headlines - August 28, 2014 Category: Science Source Type: news

Planum temporale asymmetry in developmental dyslexia: Revisiting an old question
In this report, we attempt to resolve past inconsistencies by analyzing the T1‐weighted MR images of 81 children (mean age: 11 years, sd: 17 months), including 46 control (25 boys) and 35 dyslexic children (20 boys). We manually outlined Heschl's gyri, the planum temporale and the posterior rami of the Sylvian fissure on participants' brain images, using the same anatomical criteria as in post mortem studies. Results revealed an altered pattern of asymmetry of the planum temporale surface area in dyslexic boys only, with a greater proportion of rightward asymmetrical cases among dyslexic boys compared to control boys. Ad...
Source: Human Brain Mapping - July 10, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Irene Altarelli, François Leroy, Karla Monzalvo, Joel Fluss, Catherine Billard, Ghislaine Dehaene‐Lambertz, Albert M. Galaburda, Franck Ramus Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Altered brain activity for phonological manipulation in dyslexic Japanese children
Because of unique linguistic characteristics, the prevalence rate of developmental dyslexia is relatively low in the Japanese language. Paradoxically, Japanese children have serious difficulty analysing phonological processes when they have dyslexia. Neurobiological deficits in Japanese dyslexia remain unclear and need to be identified, and may lead to better understanding of the commonality and diversity in the disorder among different linguistic systems. The present study investigated brain activity that underlies deficits in phonological awareness in Japanese dyslexic children using functional magnetic resonance imaging...
Source: Brain - December 11, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Kita, Y., Yamamoto, H., Oba, K., Terasawa, Y., Moriguchi, Y., Uchiyama, H., Seki, A., Koeda, T., Inagaki, M. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Volumetric Analysis of Regional Variability in the Cerebellum of Children with Dyslexia.
Abstract Cerebellar deficits and subsequent impairment in procedural learning may contribute to both motor difficulties and reading impairment in dyslexia. We used quantitative magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the role of regional variation in cerebellar anatomy in children with single-word decoding impairments (N = 23), children with impairment in fluency alone (N = 8), and typically developing children (N = 16). Children with decoding impairments (dyslexia) demonstrated no statistically significant differences in overall grey and white matter volumes or cerebellar asymmetry; however, reduced...
Source: Cerebellum - July 5, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Fernandez VG, Stuebing K, Juranek J, Fletcher JM Tags: Cerebellum Source Type: research