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A case of acquired phonological dyslexia with selective impairment of Kanji: analysis of reading impairment mechanism using cognitive neuropsychological models for reading
We report a Japanese-speaking patient who showed acquired phonological dyslexia only in Kanji; difficulty in reading two-character Kanji nonwords despite her ability to read Kana nonwords, Kana words, and two-character Kanji inconsistent-atypical words; and inability to repeat reversal nonwords. We investigated the mechanism of nonword reading impairment using the dual-route cascaded model, it was likely that the reading deficit of Kanji nonwords with multiple pronunciations resulted from the dysfunction of the character-to-sound conversion rule system. The patient's reading performance on the dissociation of Kana and Kanj...
Source: Neurocase - April 27, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Shinji Uema Akira Uno Kosei Hashimoto Ami Sambai Source Type: research

The influence of intelligence and cognitive abilities on the reading ability of Japanese students with developmental disorders
We examined the differences in reading skills between Japanese students with developmental dyslexia (DD) having developmental disorders who had borderline IQ (BIQ) and those who had normal IQ (NIQ), and the influence of cognitive factors through subscale scores of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fourth Edition on the reading skills of all students with DD having developmental disorders.
Source: Brain and Development - March 15, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Daisuke Yamaguchi, Michio Hiratani, Naomi Matsuura, Takashi X. Fujisawa, Shinichiro Takiguchi, Toru Fujioka, Toshihiro Kono, Ikuyo Ishizaka, Akemi Tomoda Tags: Original article Source Type: research

Two different subcortical language networks supporting distinct Japanese orthographies: morphograms and phonograms
In this study, we performed intraoperative language mapping under local anesthesia and postoperative language assessments of 53 consecutive patients who underwent awake craniotomy for surgical resection of cerebral glioma within the dominant temporal or parietal lobe. Six cases showing intraoperative dyslexia elicited by direct electrical stimulation (DES) were examined, and all cases showed transient symptoms of kanji or kana dyslexia during DES. We investigated the intraoperative positive mapping points localized near four white matter bundles: the arcuate fascicle, posterior superior longitudinal fascicle, inferior fron...
Source: Brain Structure and Function - January 15, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sho Tamai Masashi Kinoshita Riho Nakajima Hirokazu Okita Mitsutoshi Nakada Source Type: research

Development of a reading difficulty questionnaire for adolescents in Japanese
Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental disorder which occurs in childhood but continues to influence academic and occupational function in adulthood. Recently, a Japanese dyslexia questionnaire and diagnostic procedure was established for primary school children. However, there is currently no procedure for the diagnosis or screening of dyslexia in individuals at or above junior high school age; accordingly, we aimed to develop a questionnaire to screen for reading difficulties in those individuals.
Source: Brain and Development - May 26, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Kazuyori Yagyu, Ryusaku Hashimoto, Atsushi Shimojo, Michiru Iwata, Keitaro Sueda, Ayumi Seki, Hideaki Shiraishi, Takuya Saito Tags: Original article Source Type: research

Brain metastasis from extramammary Paget's disease.
Authors: Hanyu T, Fujitani S, Ito A, Mizutani N Abstract Herein, we present a case of extramammary Paget's disease with brain metastasis that was diagnosed pathologically for the first time in Japan. Moreover, invasive extramammary Paget's disease (with distant metastasis) highly resistant to treatment. Only for brain metastasis, we may control the tumor by surgical resection and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRT) for the treatment of intracranial metastases was assessed. An 76-year-old man was diagnosed with extramammary Paget's disease of the vulva at nearby hospital. Surgical resection and sentinel lymph node disse...
Source: Nagoya Journal of Medical Science - December 15, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Tags: Nagoya J Med Sci Source Type: research

Altered visual character and object recognition in Japanese-speaking adolescents with developmental dyslexia
Publication date: Available online 17 February 2020Source: Neuroscience LettersAuthor(s): Hiroki Higuchi, Sunao Iwaki, Akira UnoAbstractMany studies have confirmed a brain dysfunction in people with developmental dyslexia (DD) in certain brain regions, including the left superior temporal gyrus and the left fusiform gyrus. However, the neurobiological substrates in Japanese-speaking people with dyslexia are not fully understood, mostly due to the uniqueness of the orthographic systems. Since a substantial part of the written Japanese includes the logographic Kanji as well as the phonographic Kana systems, the reading disab...
Source: Neuroscience Letters - February 18, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

A Reading Model from the Perspective of Japanese Orthography: Connectionist Approach to the Hypothesis of Granularity and Transparency.
This study presents a computer simulation model of reading in Japanese syllabic kana and morphographic kanji. The model was based on the simulation model developed by Harm and Seidenberg for reading in English. The purpose of building the current model was to verify the validity of the hypothesis of granularity and transparency (HGT) postulated by Wydell and Butterworth, focusing on the granularity dimension. The HGT was developed in order to explain the behavioral dissociation between excellent reading skills in Japanese and poor reading skills in English of an English-Japanese bilingual individual as well as the relative...
Source: Journal of Learning Disabilities - July 1, 2017 Category: Disability Authors: Ijuin M, Wydell TN Tags: J Learn Disabil Source Type: research