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Divergences in color perception between deep neural networks and humans
Cognition. 2023 Sep 14;241:105621. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105621. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTDeep neural networks (DNNs) are increasingly proposed as models of human vision, bolstered by their impressive performance on image classification and object recognition tasks. Yet, the extent to which DNNs capture fundamental aspects of human vision such as color perception remains unclear. Here, we develop novel experiments for evaluating the perceptual coherence of color embeddings in DNNs, and we assess how well these algorithms predict human color similarity judgments collected via an online survey. We find that stat...
Source: Cognition - September 16, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Ethan O Nadler Elise Darragh-Ford Bhargav Srinivasa Desikan Christian Conaway Mark Chu Tasker Hull Douglas Guilbeault Source Type: research
Evaluation of a pilot to introduce simulated learning activities to support speech and language therapy students' clinical development
CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS: Student experience of simulation was positive. One of the key elements students found to support their clinical skills was the importance of the safe space; support for learning instead of correction led them to engage in active learning. Key barriers to simulation related to having sufficient prior knowledge, the skills of the facilitator, group size and the wider learning landscape of the programme. In response to this pilot, there are plans to continue developing this model of simulation and embed simulation across the programme, led by a sound pedagogical approach with clear preparation and ...
Source: International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders - September 16, 2023 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Authors: Emma Ormerod Claire Mitchell Source Type: research
Accommodating Students with Disabilities: Fieldwork Educators' Experiences
Conclusion. Fieldwork educators can work with students to align their accommodations with required learning outcomes for professional practice and use their occupational therapy skills to assist with implementation. Fieldwork educators require time and other supports to work effectively with all students.PMID:37715626 | DOI:10.1177/00084174231201703
Source: Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy - September 16, 2023 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Shaminder K Dhillon Sandra E Moll Magda Stroinska Patricia E Solomon Source Type: research
A Model of the Home Literacy Environment and Family Risk of Reading Difficulty in Relation to Children's Preschool Emergent Literacy
This study extends the research on the preschool home literacy environment (HLE) in the context of the family risk (FR) of reading disability (RD) by examining a multiple-deficit model of RD. A total of 1171 six-year-old children were assessed at school entry, the onset of formal reading instruction in Norway. Their parents completed a questionnaire regarding their own RD, education, and the HLE. The final sample after applying the inclusion criteria was 794 children and their parents. The findings suggest, first, that two HLE factors (access to print and reading-related activities) should be distinguished rather than trea...
Source: Journal of Learning Disabilities - September 16, 2023 Category: Disability Authors: Sara Esmaeeli Source Type: research
Accommodating Students with Disabilities: Fieldwork Educators' Experiences
Conclusion. Fieldwork educators can work with students to align their accommodations with required learning outcomes for professional practice and use their occupational therapy skills to assist with implementation. Fieldwork educators require time and other supports to work effectively with all students.PMID:37715626 | DOI:10.1177/00084174231201703
Source: Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy - September 16, 2023 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Shaminder K Dhillon Sandra E Moll Magda Stroinska Patricia E Solomon Source Type: research
A Model of the Home Literacy Environment and Family Risk of Reading Difficulty in Relation to Children's Preschool Emergent Literacy
This study extends the research on the preschool home literacy environment (HLE) in the context of the family risk (FR) of reading disability (RD) by examining a multiple-deficit model of RD. A total of 1171 six-year-old children were assessed at school entry, the onset of formal reading instruction in Norway. Their parents completed a questionnaire regarding their own RD, education, and the HLE. The final sample after applying the inclusion criteria was 794 children and their parents. The findings suggest, first, that two HLE factors (access to print and reading-related activities) should be distinguished rather than trea...
Source: Journal of Learning Disabilities - September 16, 2023 Category: Disability Authors: Sara Esmaeeli Source Type: research
Constructing phylogenetic networks via cherry picking and machine learning
CONCLUSIONS: Unlike the existing exact methods, our heuristics are applicable to datasets of practical size, and the experimental study we conducted on both simulated and real data shows that these solutions are qualitatively good, always within some small constant factor from the optimum. Moreover, our machine-learned heuristics are one of the first applications of machine learning to phylogenetics and show its promise.PMID:37717003 | PMC:PMC10505335 | DOI:10.1186/s13015-023-00233-3
Source: Algorithms for Molecular Biology : AMB - September 16, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Giulia Bernardini Leo van Iersel Esther Julien Leen Stougie Source Type: research
Evaluation of a pilot to introduce simulated learning activities to support speech and language therapy students' clinical development
CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS: Student experience of simulation was positive. One of the key elements students found to support their clinical skills was the importance of the safe space; support for learning instead of correction led them to engage in active learning. Key barriers to simulation related to having sufficient prior knowledge, the skills of the facilitator, group size and the wider learning landscape of the programme. In response to this pilot, there are plans to continue developing this model of simulation and embed simulation across the programme, led by a sound pedagogical approach with clear preparation and ...
Source: International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders - September 16, 2023 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Authors: Emma Ormerod Claire Mitchell Source Type: research
Constructing phylogenetic networks via cherry picking and machine learning
CONCLUSIONS: Unlike the existing exact methods, our heuristics are applicable to datasets of practical size, and the experimental study we conducted on both simulated and real data shows that these solutions are qualitatively good, always within some small constant factor from the optimum. Moreover, our machine-learned heuristics are one of the first applications of machine learning to phylogenetics and show its promise.PMID:37717003 | PMC:PMC10505335 | DOI:10.1186/s13015-023-00233-3
Source: Algorithms for Molecular Biology : AMB - September 16, 2023 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Giulia Bernardini Leo van Iersel Esther Julien Leen Stougie Source Type: research
Artificial Intelligence for Quantitative Modeling in Drug Discovery and Development: An Innovation & amp; Quality (IQ) Consortium Perspective on Use Cases and Best Practices
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2023 Sep 16. doi: 10.1002/cpt.3053. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTRecent breakthroughs in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have ushered in a new era of possibilities across various scientific domains. One area where these advancements hold significant promise is model-informed drug discovery and development (MID3). To foster a wider adoption and acceptance of these advanced algorithms, the Innovation & Quality (IQ) Consortium initiated the AI/ML working group (WG) in 2021 with the aim of promoting their acceptance among the broader scientific community as well as by regulatory...
Source: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics - September 16, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Nadia Terranova Didier Renard Mohamed H Shahin Sujatha Menon Youfang Cao Cornelis E C A Hop Sean Hayes Kumpal Madrasi Sven Stodtmann Thomas Tensfeldt Pavan Vaddady Nicholas Ellinwood James Lu Source Type: research
Neuroprotective Potential of Tannic Acid Against Neurotoxic Outputs of Monosodium Glutamate in Rat Cerebral Cortex
This study was conducted to assess the neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects of these two dietary components in the rat cerebral cortex. Twenty-four Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 equal groups and were treated with MSG (2 g/kg) and TA (50 mg/kg) alone and in combination for 3 weeks. Alterations in oxidative stress indicators (MDA and GSH) were measured in the cortex tissues. In addition, changes in enzymatic activities and gene expression patterns of antioxidant system components (GST, GPx, CAT, and SOD) were investigated. Furthermore, mRNA expressions of FoxO transcription factors (Foxo1 and Foxo3) and apoptotic...
Source: Cell Research - September 15, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Medine Sibel Karagac Hamid Ceylan Source Type: research
Machine learning- and WGCNA-mediated double analysis based on genes associated with disulfidptosis, cuproptosis and ferroptosis for the construction and validation of the prognostic model for breast cancer
CONCLUSION: Multiplex analysis based on DRGs, CRGs and FRGs correlated strongly with BC, providing new insights for developing clinical prognostic tools and designing immunotherapy regimens for BC patients.PMID:37712959 | DOI:10.1007/s00432-023-05378-7
Source: Cell Research - September 15, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Lijun Xu Shanshan Wang Dan Zhang Yunxi Wu Jiali Shan Huixia Zhu Chongyu Wang Qingqing Wang Source Type: research
Curiosity and Creative Experimentation Among Psychiatrists in India
Cult Med Psychiatry. 2023 Sep 15. doi: 10.1007/s11013-023-09829-1. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMedical anthropologists have not paid enough attention to the variation at the level of the individual practitioners of biomedicine, and anthropological critiques of biomedical psychiatry as it is practiced in settings outside the Global North have tended to depict psychiatrists in monolithic terms. In this article, we attempt to demonstrate that, at least in the case of India, some psychiatrists perceive limitations in the biomedical model and the cultural assumptions behind biomedical practices and ideologies. This paper focu...
Source: Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry - September 15, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Claudia Lang Murphy Halliburton Source Type: research
Machine learning- and WGCNA-mediated double analysis based on genes associated with disulfidptosis, cuproptosis and ferroptosis for the construction and validation of the prognostic model for breast cancer
CONCLUSION: Multiplex analysis based on DRGs, CRGs and FRGs correlated strongly with BC, providing new insights for developing clinical prognostic tools and designing immunotherapy regimens for BC patients.PMID:37712959 | DOI:10.1007/s00432-023-05378-7
Source: Clinical Breast Cancer - September 15, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Lijun Xu Shanshan Wang Dan Zhang Yunxi Wu Jiali Shan Huixia Zhu Chongyu Wang Qingqing Wang Source Type: research
Machine Vision and Image Analysis in Anesthesia: Narrative Review and Future Prospects
This article summarizes recently published works of interest, provides a brief overview of techniques used to create machine vision applications, explains frequently used terms, and discusses challenges the specialty will encounter as we embrace the advantages that this technology may bring to future clinical practice and patient care. As machine vision emerges onto the clinical stage, it is critically important that anesthesiologists are prepared to confidently assess which of these devices are safe, appropriate, and bring added value to patient care.PMID:37712476 | DOI:10.1213/ANE.0000000000006679
Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia - September 15, 2023 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Hannah Lonsdale Geoffrey M Gray Luis M Ahumada Clyde T Matava Source Type: research
