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Question 2 * Is there a role for MRI as an adjunct for diagnosing bacterial meningitis?
Scenario You are asked to consult on a 3-week-old neonate who was admitted for a ‘full septic screen’. He had a lumbar puncture several hours after starting antibiotics. The lumbar puncture was traumatic and revealed pleocytosis (increased red and white cells). Cultures remained sterile after 72 h, but there was concern that the antibiotics had caused a false negative culture result. You wonder if in this scenario MRI would be useful to aid diagnosis of meningitis. Structured clinical question In a 3-week-old neonate with suspected meningitis [patient], does MRI [intervention] assist in the diagnosis of ba...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - April 12, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Upadhyayula, S. Tags: ADC Archimedes, Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: infectious diseases, Meningitis, Vaccination / immunisation, Infection (neurology) Source Type: research

Adolescents need a booster of serogroup C meningococcal vaccine to protect them and maintain population control of the disease
The serogroup C meningococcal immunisation programme was reviewed during 2012 by the Department of Health's Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI), and an adolescent booster has been recommended as a result of concerns over duration of immunity in the childhood population.1 During the 1990s, a clone of Neisseria meningitidis (sequence type 11; ST11) with a serogroup C polysaccharide capsule (repeating units of the sugar, α-2-9 N acetyl neuraminic acid) swept through the UK causing outbreaks of meningococcal disease in schools and universities, generating considerable media attention and anxiety for pa...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - March 11, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pollard, A. J., Green, C., Sadarangani, M., Snape, M. D. Tags: Smoking and tobacco, Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: infectious diseases, Vaccination / immunisation, Adolescent health, Child health, Health education, Homicide, Health promotion, Smoking Leading article Source Type: research

Evaluation of humoral immune function in patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
In this study, 14 out of 36 patients (39%) were diagnosed with antibody mediated immune deficiency including 2 patients (5.5%) with immunoglobulin class deficiency and 4 (11%) with IgG subclass deficiency. The remaining patients suffered from specific antibody deficiency. The most frequent deficiency in ITP patients was specific antibody deficiency.Therefore, immunological survey on ITP patients may be important especially for those who have undergone splenectomy. PMID: 23454778 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - March 1, 2013 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Rahiminejad MS, Mirmohammad Sadeghi M, Mohammadinejad P, Sadeghi B, Abolhassani H, Dehghani Firoozabadi MM, Fathi SM, Rezvani H, Bahoush G, Ehsani MA, Faranoush M, Mehrvar A, Torabi Sagvand B, Ghadiani M, Rezaei N, Aghamohammadi A Tags: Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol Source Type: research

Comparison of antiallergic effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in a murine model of allergic rhinitis
Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceBoth PV and PCV suppressed the allergen‐specific T helper 2 response and induced regulatory T cells in a murine model of allergic rhinitis. However, PV and PCV may activate Treg cells via different mechanisms. Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 2013
Source: The Laryngoscope - February 16, 2013 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Boo‐Young Kim, Ji‐Hyeon Shin, Hyang Rim Park, Sung Won Kim, Soo Whan Kim Tags: Allergy/Rhinology Source Type: research

Oral and topical antibiotic prescriptions for children in general practice
Conclusions One in six children received at least one oral antibiotic prescription per year during 2000–2010. While topical prescription rates steadily increased during 2005–2010 and remained stable during 2006–2010, prescription rates for oral antibiotics increased significantly during the period 2000–2005 and then significantly decreased during the period 2006–2010. As clinical guidelines remained the same over this period, the effects could be contributed to the initiation of the Dutch nationwide pneumococcal vaccination campaign in 2006.
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - February 14, 2013 Category: Pediatrics Authors: de Bont, E. G. P. M., van Loo, I. H. M., Dukers-Muijrers, N. H. T. M., Hoebe, C. J. P. A., Bruggeman, C. A., Dinant, G.-J., Cals, J. W. L. Tags: ADC Paediatric and Perinatal Drug Therapy, Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: infectious diseases, Vaccination / immunisation, Child health, Asthma, Guidelines Source Type: research

Nasopharyngeal carriage with Streptococcus pneumoniae augments the immunizing effect of pneumolysin toxoid B
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major human pathogen responsible for a spectrum of diseases, including pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. Morbidity and mortality linked to pneumococcal disease remain high in sub-Saharan Africa, despite the introduction of protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines (PCVs), which offer protection against major disease-causing serotypes. PCVs are limited in their affordability and their efficacy in high-risk groups, such as infants. Furthermore, because the conjugate vaccine is limited in its serotype coverage, the major disease-causing serotypes are being replaced by previously minor serotypes ...
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - December 20, 2012 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Daniel R. Neill, Sarah Smeaton, Mathieu Bangert, Aras Kadioglu Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

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