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Infectious Disease: Epidemics

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Total 18 results found since Jan 2013.

Schmallenberg virus: a systematic international literature review (2011-2019) from an Irish perspective
AbstractIn Autumn 2011, nonspecific clinical signs of pyrexia, diarrhoea, and drop in milk yield were observed in dairy cattle near the German town of Schmallenberg at the Dutch/German border. Targeted veterinary diagnostic investigations for classical endemic and emerging viruses could not identify a causal agent. Blood samples were collected from animals with clinical signs and subjected to metagenomic analysis; a novel orthobunyavirus was identified and named Schmallenberg virus (SBV). In late 2011/early 2012, an epidemic of abortions and congenital malformations in calves, lambs and goat kids, characterised by arthrogr...
Source: Irish Veterinary Journal - October 8, 2019 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Expanding Research Capacity in Sub-Saharan Africa Through Informatics, Bioinformatics, and Data Science Training Programs in Mali
Conclusion Bioinformatics and data science training programs in developing countries necessitate incremental and collaborative strategies for their feasible and sustainable development. The progress described here covered decades of collaborative efforts centered on training and research on computationally intensive topics. These efforts laid the groundwork and platforms conducive for hosting a bioinformatics and data science training program in Mali. Training programs are perhaps best facilitated through Africa’s university systems as they are perhaps best positioned to maintain core resources during lapses in sho...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - April 11, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

A comparison of mosquito densities, weather and infection rates of Aedes aegypti during the first epidemics of Chikungunya (2014) and Zika (2016) in areas with and without vector control in Puerto Rico
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, EarlyView.
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - September 18, 2018 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: R. Barrera , M. Amador , V. Acevedo , M. Beltran , J. L. Mu ñoz Source Type: research

Fewer Scientists Are Studying Insects. Here ’s Why That’s So Dangerous
In the summer of 2016, Jerome Goddard, a medical entomologist in Mississippi, received an email from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) with a desperate ask. The agency was conducting an “urgent” search for insect scientists around the U.S. who could take up to a six-month paid leave from work to help the CDC fight the Zika outbreak in the U.S., and possibly respond to areas with local transmission if needed. “That’s how bad it is—they need to borrow someone,” says Goddard, an extension professor of medical entomology at Mississippi State University. “We can&...
Source: TIME: Health - February 14, 2018 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Alexandra Sifferlin Tags: Uncategorized healthytime public health Source Type: news

Assessing natural infection with Zika virus in the southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, during 2016 in Puerto Rico
Abstract The epidemic of Zika in the Western hemisphere has led to intense investigations of all species important in the transmission of Zika virus (ZikV), including putative mosquito vectors. Although evidence points to Stegomyia (= Aedes) (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes as the primary vectors in nature among humans, there remains the possibility that other common mosquito species may be implicated in the rapid spread of the virus. Herein, field‐caught Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) collected during June 2016 in different neighbourhoods in San Juan, Puerto Rico were examined for the presence of natural inf...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - December 14, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: D. A. Yee, R. Dejesus ‐Crespo, F. F. Hunter, F. Bai Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Tracking Trachoma: How The Gambia Is Eliminating an Ancient Disease
PDF Version (4.5 MB) About This Article About This Article Supplemental Material Published: 11 December 2017 Note to readers with disabilities: EHP strives to ensure that all journal content is accessible to all readers. However, some figures and Supplemental Material published in EHP articles may not conform to 508 standards due to the complexity of the information being presented. If you need assistance accessing journal content, please contact ehponline@niehs.nih.gov. Our staff will work with you to assess and meet your accessibility needs within 3 working days. Published: 11 December 2017 Note to reade...
Source: EHP Research - December 12, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Focus Source Type: research

Vector competence of Culex antennatus and Anopheles coustani mosquitoes for Rift Valley fever virus in Madagascar
Abstract Culex antennatus (Diptera: Culicidae), Anopheles coustani (Diptera: Culicidae) and Anopheles squamosus/cydippis were found to be infected with Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) during an epidemic that occurred in 2008 and 2009 in Madagascar. To understand the roles played by Cx. antennatus and An. coustani in virus maintenance and transmission, RVFV vector competence was assessed in each species. Mosquito body parts and saliva of mosquitoes that fed on RVFV‐infected blood were tested for RVFV using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) assays. Overall, viral RNA was detected in body parts a...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - December 1, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: T. N. J. J. Nepomichene, F. N. Raharimalala, S. F. Andriamandimby, J. ‐P. Ravalohery, A.‐B. Failloux, J.‐M. Heraud, S. Boyer Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Vectorial status of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus of La R éunion Island for Zika virus
Abstract La Réunion Island has been the scene of unusually large epidemics of dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses with Aedes albopictus Diptera, Culicidae (Skuse, 1894) as the sole vector. The emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in 2007 and the spread of the epidemic strain of the Asian genotype through the Pacific region and the Americas, mainly via the vector Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762), has raised concern about its possible introduction to, and transmission in, Ae. albopictus‐infested areas. We performed an experimental oral infection with the Asian genotype of ZIKV in Ae. albopictus from La Réunion and foun...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - November 30, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: M. Vazeille, J. ‐S. Dehecq, A.‐B. Failloux Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Assessment of the Probability of Autochthonous Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Canada under Recent and Projected Climate Change
This study identifies that southern Canada may be the very northern limit for transmission of these pathogens with climate change. Other factors need to be explored however, which include understanding when and where Canadian travelers are likely to return, infrastructure in Canada that may support vector populations in what would be expected to be climatically unsuitable regions, and whether or not there are other competent vectors in Canada. Further research to close the gap on our current understanding of CHIKV and CHIKV vectors, improved surveillance on Ae. albopictus in North America, and enhanced climate projection m...
Source: EHP Research - June 5, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Web Admin Tags: Research Source Type: research

High relative abundance of the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans is associated with lumpy skin disease outbreaks in Israeli dairy farms
Abstract The vector of lumpy skin disease (LSD), a viral disease affecting Bovidae, is currently unknown. To evaluate the possible vector of LSD virus (LSDV) under field conditions, a yearlong trapping of dipterans was conducted in dairy farms that had been affected by LSD, 1‐2 years previously. This was done in order to calculate monthly relative abundances of each dipteran in each farm throughout the year. The relative abundances of Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) in the months parallel to the outbreaks (December and April) were significantly higher than those of other dipterans. A stable fly population model b...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - November 30, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: E. KAHANA ‐SUTIN, E. KLEMENT, I. LENSKY, Y. GOTTLIEB Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Rickettsia (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) Vector Biodiversity in High Altitude Atlantic Forest Fragments Within a Semiarid Climate: A New Endemic Area of Spotted-Fever in Brazil
This study reports, for the first time, evidence of infection with Rickettsia sp. strain Atlantic rainforest in A. ovale and R. sanguineus in Ceará, and Ca. R. andeanae in an Atlantic rainforest environment of Brazil.
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 11, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Moerbeck, L., Vizzoni, V. F., Machado-Ferreira, E., Cavalcante, R. C., Oliveira, S. V., Soares, C. A. G., Amorim, M., Gazeta, G. S. Tags: Vector-Borne Diseases, Surveillance, Prevention Source Type: research

Reported Distribution of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus in the United States, 1995-2016 (Diptera: Culicidae)
Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) transmit arboviruses that are increasing threats to human health in the Americas, particularly dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. Epidemics of the associated arboviral diseases have been limited to South and Central America, Mexico, and the Caribbean in the Western Hemisphere, with only minor localized outbreaks in the United States. Nevertheless, accurate and up-to-date information for the geographical ranges of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in the United States is urgently needed to guide surveillance and enhance control capacity for these mosqu...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - September 2, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Hahn, M. B., Eisen, R. J., Eisen, L., Boegler, K. A., Moore, C. G., McAllister, J., Savage, H. M., Mutebi, J.-P. Tags: Sampling, Distribution, Dispersal Source Type: research

Vector Surveillance for Dengue Virus Detection in the Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil
This study aimed to monitor the DENV serotypes in mosquito samples collected in FN, where at least one resident was clinically diagnosed as dengue patient. Entomological surveillance was conducted in 2011 and 2012. Mosquitoes were sorted by sex and location and were stored in pools. DENV detection was performed using polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription (RT-PCR) and the Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag. RNA integrity was checked by RT-PCR using rpL8 primers, and the minimum infection rate (MIR) was calculated. In total, 339 pools were analyzed, and only one was positive (DENV-1) by Multiplex RT-PCR (MIR = 1.53). When...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Barbosa, P. P., Guedes, D. R. D., Melo-Santos, M. A. V., Cordeiro, M. T., Acioli, R. V., Batista, C. A. V., Goncalves, L. S. M., Souza, M. F. M., Araujo, Y. V., Magalhaes, F. J. R., Regis, L., Ayres, C. F. J. Tags: Vector-Borne Diseases, Surveillance, Prevention Source Type: research

Seasons, Searches, and Intentions: What The Internet Can Tell Us About The Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) Epidemic
The common bed bug (Cimex lectularius L.) is once again prevalent in the United States. We investigated temporal patterns in Google search queries for bed bugs and co-occurring terms, and conducted in-person surveys to explore the intentions behind searches that included those terms. Searches for "bed bugs" rose steadily through 2011 and then plateaued, suggesting that the epidemic has reached an equilibrium in the United States. However, queries including terms that survey respondents associated strongly with having bed bugs (e.g., "exterminator," "remedies") continued to climb, while terms more closely associated with in...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - January 12, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Sentana-Lledo, D., Barbu, C. M., Ngo, M. N., Wu, Y., Sethuraman, K., Levy, M. Z. Tags: Population and Community Ecology Source Type: research

Factors That Influence the Transmission of West Nile Virus in Florida
West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in North America in New York City during the late summer of 1999 and was first detected in Florida in 2001. Although WNV has been responsible for widespread and extensive epidemics in human populations and epizootics in domestic animals and wildlife throughout North America, comparable epidemics have never materialized in Florida. Here, we review some of the reasons why WNV has yet to cause an extensive outbreak in Florida. The primary vector of mosquito-borne encephalitis virus in Florida is Culex nigripalpus Theobald. Rainfall, drought, and temperature are the primary factors that...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - September 11, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Day, J. F., Tabachnick, W. J., Smartt, C. T. Tags: Forum Source Type: research