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Single-lateral cervical radiograph in pediatric trauma is equivalent to multiple views
CONCLUSION Radiographs are commonly performed when evaluating CSI. In our population, initial assessment with a single LAT was equivalent to a multiple view XR. On secondary review, the only false-negative LAT reports were due to ligamentous injuries. This data suggests limiting exposure to LAT would accomplish the goal of reducing imaging without missing bony CSI and when ligamentous injury is suspected MRI should be the confirmatory study rather than CT. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic Test, level III.
Source: The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care - October 1, 2019 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: PTS 2018 PODIUM PAPERS Source Type: research

Upper airway modifications in head extension during development.
Conclusion Regardless of age, head extension diminished the Visu-Lar angle, and increased the Phar-Lar angle. This study supports that, as in adults, head extension is probably the key factor for good visualization conditions during laryngoscopy on children, but clinical data is needed to confirm this result.
Source: Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine - July 29, 2016 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research

Upper airway modifications in head extension during development
Conclusion Regardless of age, head extension diminished the Visu-Lar angle, and increased the Phar-Lar angle. This study supports that, as in adults, head extension is probably the key factor for good visualization conditions during laryngoscopy on children, but clinical data is needed to confirm this result.
Source: Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine - August 31, 2016 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research

Normal Humeral Head Ossification in Pediatric and Adolescent Shoulders Can Mimic Hill-Sachs Lesions: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging–based Study
Conclusions: False Hill-Sachs lesions were visualized on MRI in stage I to II proximal humerus ossification. Due to differential timing of skeletal maturation, males present with false Hill-Sachs lesions at a later age than females on average. When interpreting shoulder MRI for glenohumeral instability, clinicians should be cautious of false Hill-Sachs lesions, especially in younger patients with distinct greater tuberosity and HH ossification centers (stage I to II ossification). Level of Evidence: Level III.
Source: Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics - January 16, 2022 Category: Orthopaedics Tags: Sports Medicine Source Type: research

Racial and ethnic disparities in pediatric magnetic resonance imaging missed care opportunities
ConclusionBlack/African-American and Hispanic/Latino children were almost twice as likely to experience MCOs, even when controlling for factors associated with MCOs. Independent of race/ethnicity, higher SVI was significantly associated with MCOs. Our study supports that pediatric health care providers must continue to identify systemic barriers to health care access for Black/African-American and Hispanic/Latino children and those from socially vulnerable areas.
Source: Pediatric Radiology - August 5, 2022 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Point-of-Care Ultrasound and the Septic Prosthetic Hip Joint
Septic joints can have an insidious onset and are difficult to diagnosis. Diagnosis can be more complicated in the setting of a distant prosthetic joint. Plain films and inflammatory markers are not specific and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not a timely test in the emergency department. Computed tomography (CT) scan is quick and useful to evaluate for bony changes or signs of inflammation, but lacks the details of MRI, and the prosthetic joint may cause significant artifact. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is often used in the pediatric population to evaluate for an effusion when there is a concern for a septic nat...
Source: The Journal of Emergency Medicine - October 29, 2019 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Rachel R. Bengtzen, Jesse Lee Tags: Ultrasound in Emergency Medicine Source Type: research

Development and Implementation of a Pilot Radiation Reduction Protocol for Pediatric Head  Injury
Traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for children in the United States. The aim of this study was to develop and implement a guideline to reduce radiation exposure in the pediatric head injury patient by identifying the patient population where repeat imaging is necessary and to establish rapid brain protocol magnetic resonance imaging as the first-line modality.
Source: Journal of Surgical Research - June 15, 2020 Category: Surgery Authors: Rachel Appelbaum, Travis Hoover, Sarah Azari, Michele Dunstan, P. Mark Li, Rovinder Sandhu, Marybeth Browne Tags: Shock/Sepsis/Trauma/Critical Care Source Type: research

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Emergent imaging of the brain is often required to diagnose and manage serious and life-threatening conditions for children presenting to the emergency department. In an effort to reduce children's exposure to ionizing radiation, the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an alternative to computed tomography (CT) is increasing. In some conditions, an urgent MRI rather than CT is critical for making management decisions. The purpose of this review is to highlight 3 emergency medical conditions—acute stroke, traumatic brain injury, and hydrocephalus—in which timely MRI of the brain is required for diagnosis and mana...
Source: Pediatric Emergency Care - December 1, 2020 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: CME Review Article Source Type: research

Imaging of Pediatric Head Injury in the Emergency Department
Objectives: Computed tomography (CT) is the standard for immediate imaging of head-injured children, but it uses radiation that predisposes to malignancy. The study goals were to describe imaging practices in this population and to identify barriers to rapid magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) use. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of physicians who care for pediatric patients in emergency departments was conducted. Survey questions included hospital characteristics, access to imaging technology, use of imaging studies, and use of radiation reduction practices. Results: A total of 459 eligible respondents completed the questi...
Source: Pediatric Emergency Care - October 1, 2014 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Correlation of FDG PET and MR Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Histogram Metrics with Survival in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma: A Report from the Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium
Conclusions PET and ADC histogram metrics in DIPG demonstrate different characteristics with often significant negative correlation between PET and ADC pixel values using 3D FLAIR ROIs. Higher negative correlation is significantly associated with less favorable PFS which may indicate higher grade elements within the tumor. This work was supported in part by NIH grant U01 CA81457 for the Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium (PBTC), The Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium Foundation 1. Poussaint TY, Vajapeyam S, Ricci KI, et al. Apparent diffusion coefficient histogram metrics correlate with survival in diffuse intrinsic pontine gl...
Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine - May 23, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Zukotynski, K., Vajapeyam, S., Fahey, F., Kocak, M., Brown, D., Ricci, K., Onar, A., Fouladi, M., Poussaint, T. Tags: Pediatric Nuclear Medicine Source Type: research

Cerebrospinal Fluid Pleocytosis in Critical Care Patients With Seizures.
CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that seizures do not directly induce a CSF pleocytosis. Instead, the CSF pleocytosis more likely reflects the underlying acute or chronic brain process responsible for the seizure(s). This was not readily apparent in early studies without magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and currently available laboratory investigations. An etiological cause of CSF pleocytosis must always be sought when patients present with seizures and it should never be assumed that seizures are the cause. PMID: 28176670 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences - February 7, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Scramstad C, Jackson AC Tags: Can J Neurol Sci Source Type: research

Pediatric Referrals to an Emergency Department From Urgent Care Centers
Conclusions Many ED referrals directed from urgent care centers in our sample were considered essential, and few were considered serious. Urgent care centers should develop educational and preparedness strategies based on the epidemiology of emergencies that may occur.
Source: Pediatric Emergency Care - December 1, 2018 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Detects Progression of Lung Disease and Impact of Newborn Screening in Preschool Children with Cystic Fibrosis
CONCLUSIONS: MRI detected progression of early lung disease and benefits of early diagnosis by NBS in preschool children with CF. These findings support MRI as sensitive outcome measure for diagnostic monitoring and early intervention trials in preschool children with CF.PMID:34283704 | DOI:10.1164/rccm.202102-0278OC
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - July 20, 2021 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Mirjam Stahl Eva Steinke Simon Y Graeber Cornelia Joachim Christoph Seitz Hans-Ulrich Kauczor Monika Eichinger Susanne H ämmerling Olaf Sommerburg Mark O Wielp ütz Marcus A Mall Source Type: research