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Vaccination: Vaccines

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EMS Needs to Assume the Role of Messaging for COVID-19
When the nation refers to frontline workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is nobody closer to the front than EMS workers. Not only do EMS workers enter the high viral loaded homes of people sick with COVID-19, but they also then spend up to about 30 minutes in the back of a poorly ventilated enclosed space with that person during treatment and transport. This exposure time places the EMS provider in direct danger – making the process of donning, decontaminating and doffing PPE of paramount importance. The beginning of the pandemic saw old protocols used for severe hypoxia. This led to an enormous amount of intubati...
Source: JEMS Patient Care - January 7, 2021 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: JEMS Staff Tags: Commentary Coronavirus Exclusives Patient Care EMS EMT Paramedic Source Type: news

Pediatric health care professionals ’ vaccine knowledge, awareness and attitude: a survey within the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
ConclusionsOur results indicate that pHCPs ’ attitude and confidence in regards to vaccines remain suboptimal. Current COVID-19 pandemic and the rapid development of vaccines could increase vaccine hesitancy. Due to the documented pHCPs’ influence in the parental decision, educational interventions are needed to improve their level of kn owledge and counselling skills in order to address parental vaccine hesitancy and to maintain continuity of immunization services.
Source: Italian Journal of Pediatrics - September 9, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

The Burden of Pediatric Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Spain (2008–2013)
Conclusions: Serogroup B invasive meningococcal infection explains substantial morbidity and mortality in Spain, occurring mainly in infants. The recent availability of a vaccine against serogroup B may change this scenario. Given that the vast majority of the cases occur in otherwise healthy children, inclusion of the meningococcal B vaccine in the national immunization program should be carefully considered.
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - March 12, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Original Studies Source Type: research

Enterovirus D68 and Human Respiratory Infections
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 37: 578-585 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584795Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a member of the species Enterovirus D in the genus Enterovirus of the Picornaviridae family. EV-D68 was first isolated in the United States in 1962 and is primarily an agent of respiratory disease. Infections with EV-D68 have been rarely reported until recently, when reports of EV-D68 associated with respiratory disease increased notably worldwide. An outbreak in 2014 in the United States, for example, involved more than 1,000 cases of severe respiratory disease that occurred across almost all states. Phylogenetic analysis o...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - August 2, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Xiang, Zichun Wang, Jianwei Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Latin America
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 37: 868-875 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1592076Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region. Poverty, socioeconomic factors, and malnutrition influence the incidence and outcome of CAP in LAC. In LAC, Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent microorganism responsible for CAP, (incidence: 24–78%); the incidence of atypical microorganisms is similar to other regions of the world. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a growing problem in the LAC region, with th...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - December 12, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Iannella, Hern án A. Luna, Carlos M. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Adult Caregiver Influenza Vaccination Through Administration in Pediatric Outpatient Clinics: A Cocooning Healthcare Improvement Project
Conclusions: ACs readily accepted influenza vaccination at their child’s pediatric primary care office. Increased vaccination acceptance occurred when ACs were female, had private insurance, if their child had a chronic illness and if the vaccination was offered the same day as their child’s appointment. Likely reason for low acceptance in ACs with Medicaid insurance is high cost; thus, staff, well-aware of Medicaid’s nonreimbursement, likely offered the vaccine less to these parents.
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - August 15, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Vaccine Reports Source Type: research

Recommendations for Mandatory Influenza Vaccinations for Health Care Personnel From AMDA's Infection Advisory Subcommittee
Preventing influenza infections is a national health priority, particularly among geriatric and adults with frailty who reside in post-acute and long-term care (PALTC) settings. Older adults account for more than 70% of deaths from influenza, a reflection of decreased vaccine effectiveness in that age group. Annually vaccinating health care personnel (HCP) working with these patients against influenza is critical to reducing influenza morbidity and mortality among patients. PALTC HCP have the lowest influenza vaccination rate when compared to HCP in other settings.
Source: Journal of the American Medical Directors Association - December 28, 2019 Category: Health Management Authors: Elizabeth Frentzel, Robin L.P. Jump, Laurie Archbald-Pannone, David A. Nace, Steven J. Schweon, Swati Gaur, Fatima Naqvi, Naushira Pandya, William Mercer, Infection Advisory Subcommittee of AMDA, The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine Tags: Special Article Source Type: research

Melioidosis: A Neglected Cause of Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 41: 496-508 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710570Melioidosis, caused by the facultative intracellular gram-negative pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei, is an emerging cause of community-acquired pneumonia across the tropics. The majority of patients present with pneumonia with or without sepsis, but localized and asymptomatic infection is also well recognized. Recent modeling and epidemiological studies have demonstrated the widespread presence of B. pseudomallei in otherwise unrecognized regions with a predicted mortality of 90,000 deaths worldwide. Innovative environmental studies are also uncoveri...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - July 5, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Virk, Harjeet Singh Mukhopadhyay, Chiranjay Wiersinga, W. Joost Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

COVID-19 Care in India: Evolving Paradigms from Public Health to Critical Care.
Authors: Joshi SR Abstract Covid-19 pandemic in India has rapidly grown though we have a low case fatality rate, high recovery rate and large population is asymptomatic or presymptomatic. Public health measures to close the tap across the country need hypervigilance and follow simple dictum of aggressive testing, tracing and isolation. The covid cases need an early diagnosis with treat and care model. Most can be managed with home isolation under telemedicine supervision with oxygen saturation screening by a simple six minute walk test. Hospitalised cases have emerging evidence in different therapies from antiviral...
Source: Journal of the Association of Physicians of India - September 29, 2020 Category: General Medicine Tags: J Assoc Physicians India Source Type: research

UPMC delivers the vaccine to first five employees
UPMC on Monday morning delivered the first five Covid-19 vaccines to front-line employees at the Pittsburgh-based health system, about an hour after it received its initial shipment at UPMC Children ’s Hospital of Pittsburgh. The first shot was given to an acute care senior nurse practitioner with the Department of Critical Care Medicine who works in the surgical intensive care unit, a 30-year veteran of the health system, by Tami Minnier, a nurse and UPMC’s chief quality officer. The pro cess,…
Source: bizjournals.com Health Care News Headlines - December 14, 2020 Category: Health Management Authors: Paul J. Gough Source Type: news

A Review of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Pregnancy
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 44: 050-065 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758853Pregnancy is an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with increased rates of operative delivery, intensive care unit admission, and mechanical ventilation as well as a possible increased risk of death, independent of other risk factors, compared with nonpregnant women with COVID-19. Furthermore, pregnancy outcomes are worse in those with COVID-19 with increased risk for preeclampsia, venous thromboembolism, preterm birth, miscarriage, and stillbirth compared with pregnant women without COVID-19. Imp...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - January 16, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Zamparini, Jarrod Saggers, Robin Buga, Chandia Edward Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Current practice in the management of tetanus
Tetanus is still a scourge among the under-privileged populations of the world, and unfortunately remains an important cause of death although a cheap, safe and highly efficacious vaccine is available. The rarity of the disease in some parts of the world results in newly trained physicians being unable to make a clinical diagnosis, and hampers the conduct of adequately powered randomized controlled trials. Several new and experimental pharmacological agents are being used to control the spasms in tetanus, and to combat the autonomic instability that occurs in the disease. New evidence is emerging regarding the use of antib...
Source: Critical Care - May 27, 2014 Category: Intensive Care Authors: Geeta GovindarajArakkal Riyaz Source Type: research

Febrile seizures: emergency medicine perspective
Purpose of review: The review describes current evidence on the evaluation of febrile seizures in the acute setting, the need for further outpatient assessment, and predictors regarding long-term outcomes of these patients. Recent findings: New evidence has been added in support of limited assessment and intervention: evidence on low utility of lumbar puncture, emergent neuroimaging, and follow-up electroencephalography, as well as low yield for antipyretic prophylaxis and intermittent use of antiepileptic drugs. Finally, there is growing evidence regarding the genetic basis of both febrile seizures and vaccine-related sei...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - May 8, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Tags: EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE: Edited by Jean Klig and Clifford W. Bogue Source Type: research

Does Extreme Leukocytosis Predict Serious Bacterial Infections in Infants in the Post-Pneumococcal Vaccine Era? The Experience of a Large, Tertiary Care Pediatric Hospital
Conclusions: All well-looking febrile infants with white blood cell greater than 25,000/mm3 should undergo a chest radiograph unless there are clear physical findings that indicate a different etiology. Urine culture should be considered in women. C-reactive protein can have an added value in the differential diagnosis.
Source: Pediatric Emergency Care - June 1, 2015 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Parental Vaccine Hesitancy: Clinical Implications for Pediatric Providers
Despite being recognized as one of the greatest public health achievements, vaccines are increasingly under scrutiny for a multitude of reasons. “Parental vaccine hesitancy,” an emerging term in today's literature, encompasses a wide range of concerns regarding vaccines and is believed to be responsible for decreasing coverage of many childhood vaccines. The threat to herd immunity posed by poor vaccine uptake increases the risk for resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases. Pediatric primary health care providers have an obligation to respond to the increasing prevalence of vaccine hesitancy by providing education r...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Health Care - June 19, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Meagan A. Barrows, Jennifer A. Coddington, Elizabeth A. Richards, Pamela M. Aaltonen Tags: Department Source Type: research