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Visual search in neurodevelopmental disorders: evidence towards a continuum of impairment
AbstractDisorders with neurodevelopmental aetiology such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Schizophrenia share commonalities at many levels of investigation despite phenotypic differences. Evidence of genetic overlap has led to the concept of a continuum of neurodevelopmental impairment along which these disorders can be positioned in aetiological, pathophysiological and developmental features. This concept requires their simultaneous comparison at different levels, which has not been accomplished so far. Given that cognitive impairments are core to the pathophysiology o...
Source: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - August 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Top-down and bottom-up sources of eye-movement guidance during realistic scene search in Alzheimer’s disease.
Conclusions: Our study shows the importance of top-down and bottom-up guidance, and their integration, in improving search in AD patients. It suggests that precise target cues and, even more, highly salient targets may act as environmental supports that enhance attentional processing and search performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
Source: Neuropsychology - July 7, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

More tusk than musk – a Mastodon FAQ
What is Mastodon? Mastodon is an alternative social media system comprising lots of different interconnected sites, each with its own specific interests, but all running the open-source Mastodon software, which makes them all function in roughly the same way and allows communication and sharing between users. When was it started? Mastodon was started in March 2016, but gained a lot of new interest in April 2022 and again in November 2022 in the wake of major changes at one of the more well-known social media systems, Twitter. Technically, how is Mastodon different? First off, Mastodon is not a single service in the way tha...
Source: David Bradley Sciencebase - Songs, Snaps, Science - November 21, 2022 Category: Science Authors: David Bradley Tags: Social Media Source Type: blogs

Less Musk, More Tusk – a Mastodon FAQ
What is Mastodon? Mastodon is an alternative social media system comprising lots of different interconnected sites, each with its own specific interests, but all running the open-source Mastodon software, which makes them all function in roughly the same way and allows communication and sharing between users. When was it started? Mastodon was started in March 2016, but gained a lot of new interest in April 2022 and again in November 2022 in the wake of major changes at one of the more well-known social media systems, Twitter. Why is it called Mastodon? Apparently, it’s named after the American rock band of that name....
Source: David Bradley Sciencebase - Songs, Snaps, Science - November 21, 2022 Category: Science Authors: David Bradley Tags: Social Media Source Type: blogs

Mastodon FAQ – Less Musk, More Tusk
What is Mastodon? Mastodon is an alternative social media system comprising lots of different interconnected sites, each with its own specific interests, but all running the open-source Mastodon software, which makes them all function in roughly the same way and allows communication and sharing between users. When was it started? Mastodon was started in March 2016, but gained a lot of new interest in April 2022 and again in November 2022 in the wake of major changes at one of the more well-known social media systems, Twitter. Why is it called Mastodon? Apparently, it’s named after the American rock band of that name....
Source: David Bradley Sciencebase - Songs, Snaps, Science - November 21, 2022 Category: Science Authors: David Bradley Tags: Social Media Source Type: blogs

Coordinate-based fast lightweight path search algorithm for electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy
AbstractElectromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) uses electromagnetic positioning technology to guide the bronchoscope to accurately and quickly reach the lesion along the planned path. However, enormous data in high-resolution lung computed tomography (CT) and the complex structure of multilevel branching bronchial tree make fast path search challenging for path planning. We propose a coordinate-based fast lightweight path search (CPS) algorithm for ENB. First, the centerline is extracted from the bronchial tree by applying topological thinning. Then, Euclidean-distance-based coordinate search is applied. The centerl...
Source: Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing - December 31, 2022 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment
CONCLUSIONS: We found moderate-certainty evidence based on five trials that elective neck dissection of clinically negative neck nodes at the time of removal of the primary oral cavity tumour is superior to therapeutic neck dissection, with increased survival and disease-free survival, and reduced locoregional recurrence. There was moderate-certainty evidence from one trial of no difference between positron emission tomography (PET-CT) following chemoradiotherapy versus planned neck dissection in terms of overall survival or locoregional recurrence. The evidence for each of the other seven comparisons came from only one or...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - August 31, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Helen V Worthington Vishal M Bulsara Anne-Marie Glenny Janet E Clarkson David I Conway Michaelina Macluskey Source Type: research

Context matters: The structure of task goals affects accuracy in multiple-target visual search.
Abstract Career visual searchers such as radiologists and airport security screeners strive to conduct accurate visual searches, but despite extensive training, errors still occur. A key difference between searches in radiology and airport security is the structure of the search task: Radiologists typically scan a certain number of medical images (fixed objective), and airport security screeners typically search X-rays for a specified time period (fixed duration). Might these structural differences affect accuracy? We compared performance on a search task administered either under constraints that approximated rad...
Source: Applied Ergonomics - August 16, 2013 Category: Occupational Health Authors: Clark K, Cain MS, Adcock RA, Mitroff SR Tags: Appl Ergon Source Type: research

Visual Search and Emotion: How Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Scan Emotional Scenes.
This study assessed visual search abilities, tested through the flicker task, in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Twenty-two children diagnosed with ASD and 22 matched typically developing (TD) children were told to detect changes in objects of central interest or objects of marginal interest (MI) embedded in either emotion-laden (positive or negative) or neutral real-world pictures. The results showed that emotion-laden pictures equally interfered with performance of both ASD and TD children, slowing down reaction times compared with neutral pictures. Children with ASD were faster than TD children...
Source: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders - June 5, 2014 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Maccari L, Pasini A, Caroli E, Rosa C, Marotta A, Martella D, Fuentes LJ, Casagrande M Tags: J Autism Dev Disord Source Type: research

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I have been invited to do the literature searching for a research project looking at care of older people in hospital.  The first part of the project is a literature review.  It's fascinating, and very instructive - I have spent a lot of time working to support others who are doing this, and it is quite eye opening to do it for myself!The literature review is of systematic reviews (SRs) and meta analyses.  I first of all had to devise the strategy, and that was very interesting.  And then decide how to locate the SRs.  And so is that ...I could:1.  Use the standard Medline search limits. ...
Source: Browsing - January 10, 2015 Category: Databases & Libraries Tags: EBP health librarianship literature searching Source Type: blogs

The effect of cerebral asymmetries and eye scanning on pseudoneglect for a visual search task.
Abstract Pseudoneglect is the tendency for the general population to over-attend to the left. While pseudoneglect is classically demonstrated using line bisection, it also occurs for visual search. The current study explored the influence of eye movements and functional cerebral asymmetry on asymmetries for visual search. In Experiment 1, 24 participants carried out a conjunction search for a target within a rectangular array. A leftward advantage for detecting targets was observed when the eyes were free to move, but not when they were restricted by short exposure durations. In Experiment 2, the effect of functio...
Source: Brain and Cognition - December 2, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Nicholls ME, Hobson A, Petty J, Churches O, Thomas NA Tags: Brain Cogn Source Type: research

Blood Biomarkers for Traumatic Brain Injury: A Quantitative Assessment of Diagnostic and Prognostic Accuracy
Conclusion We have reviewed the literature and identified blood biomarkers with the highest discriminative abilities as determined by operating characteristics in four commonly encountered clinical situations: diagnosing concussion, predicting the need for a CT scan after mTBI, predicting delayed recovery after mTBI, and predicting poor outcome after sTBI. The top performers in each category may provide insight into pathogenic mechanisms of TBI that most influence the measured endpoint. Nonetheless, many challenges remain before these biomarkers can be incorporated into clinical practice. In particular, it remains unclear...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Functional connectivity at rest captures individual differences in visual search.
Abstract Brain functional connectivity is supposed to capture personal and lifetime learning experiences and contribute to generating individual differences in cognitive abilities. We tested this possibility using the visual search task as a measure of visual information processing and the functioning of the visual attention control system. Forty-two undergraduate students completed a functional MRI study with a resting-state session and a visual search task scan. The visual attention and control systems were studied by investigating the functional connectivity of the primary visual area, the posterior parietal co...
Source: Brain Structure and Function - January 1, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Bueichekú E, Miró-Padilla A, Ávila C Tags: Brain Struct Funct Source Type: research

Modified radial-search algorithm for segmentation of tibiofemoral cartilage in MR images of patients with subchondral lesion
ConclusionIn the current study, a semi-automated segmentation of tibiofemoral cartilage was presented. Modified radial-search approach can successfully segment tibiofemoral cartilage, and the results were tested and validated on knee MRI data of OA patients with and without SBA.
Source: International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery - January 10, 2020 Category: Intensive Care Source Type: research

Visual search in ADHD, ASD and ASD  + ADHD: overlapping or dissociating disorders?
AbstractRecent debates in the literature discuss commonalities between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) at multiple levels of putative causal networks. This debate requires systematic comparisons between these disorders that have been studied in isolation in the past, employing potential markers of each disorder to be investigated in tandem. The present study, choose superior local processing, typical to ASD, and increased Intra-Subject Variability (ISV), typical to ADHD, for a head-to-head comparison of the two disorders, while also considering the comorbid cases. It direc...
Source: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - April 19, 2020 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research