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Infectious Disease: Parasitic Diseases

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Total 27724 results found since Jan 2013.

Ontogenetic changes in the external anatomy of the parasitic castrator crab Calyptraeotheres  garthi: implications for the timing of host colonization and sexual behaviour
Pea‐crabs are symbiotic crustaceans that live in association with a diverse array of macro‐invertebrate hosts. Some pea‐crabs exhibit an unusual and incompletely known post‐larval cycle characterized by the alternation of free‐life and symbiotic forms. We analyzed post‐larval morphology, the allometry of various body parts, and sexual dimorphism in Calyptraeotheres garthi, an endosymbiotic pea‐crab infesting the brooding chamber of limpets in the southwestern Atlantic. In C. garthi, the smallest invasive crab moults into a male or female pre‐hard stage, which is immediately followed by a hard stage. Then,...
Source: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society - July 27, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Emiliano H. Ocampo, Eduardo D. Spivak, J. Antonio Baeza, Tom ás A. Luppi Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

The Strange, 'Almost Spooky' Story Of The British Ghost Orchid
This post originally appeared on National Geographic. You look. It’s there. Then it’s not. Decades go by, and people are prowling the woods, eyes down, hunting for it—crawling, searching, losing hope, and then, all of a sudden, there it is again! In a totally unexpected spot, far from the last sighting, hiding in the dark, barely as tall as your thumb, leafless, probably the rarest plant in Great Britain. It’s known as the ghost orchid, and when it shows up, people go nuts. I’m talking about plant people. Let the twenty-somethings hunt for Pokemon characters on their smartphones. This is a...
Source: Science - The Huffington Post - August 3, 2016 Category: Science Source Type: news

Pharmacokinetics of benznidazole in chagas disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: A Bayesian meta-analysis was used to improve estimates of the standard pharmacokinetic parameters of benznidazole. This data can inform clinicians and policymakers as access to this drug increases. PMID: 27550362 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy - August 21, 2016 Category: Microbiology Authors: Wiens MO, Kanters S, Mills E, Peregrina Lucano AA, Gold S, Ayers D, Ferrero L, Krolewiecki A Tags: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Source Type: research

WormBase ParaSite − a comprehensive resource for helminth genomics
Publication date: Available online 27 November 2016 Source:Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology Author(s): Kevin L. Howe, Bruce J. Bolt, Myriam Shafie, Paul Kersey, Matthew Berriman The number of publicly available parasitic worm genome sequences has increased dramatically in the past three years, and research interest in helminth functional genomics is now quickly gathering pace in response to the foundation that has been laid by these collective efforts. A systematic approach to the organisation, curation, analysis and presentation of these data is clearly vital for maximising the utility of these data to researchers....
Source: Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology - November 26, 2016 Category: Parasitology Source Type: research

Trypanothione Reductase and Superoxide Dismutase as Current Drug Targets for Trypanosoma cruzi: An Overview of Compounds with Activity against Chagas Disease.
Abstract It has been over a century since Carlos Chagas discovered the Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) as the causative agent of Chagas disease (CD), a neglected tropical disease with several socioeconomic, epidemiological and human health repercussions. Currently, there are only two commercialized drugs to treat CD in acute phase, nifurtimox and benznidazol, with several adverse side effects. Thus, new orally available and safe drugs for this parasitic infection are urgently required. One strategy of great importance in new drug discovery programmes is based on the search of molecules enabling to interfere with enzy...
Source: Current Medicinal Chemistry - December 25, 2016 Category: Chemistry Authors: Beltrán-Hortelano I, Pérez-Silanes S, Galiano S Tags: Curr Med Chem Source Type: research

Corticosteroids as adjuvant therapy for ocular toxoplasmosis.
CONCLUSIONS: Although research has identified a wide variation in practice regarding the use of corticosteroids, our review did not identify any evidence from randomized controlled trials for or against the role of corticosteroids in the management of ocular toxoplasmosis. Several questions remain unanswered by well-conducted randomized trials in this context, including whether the use of corticosteroids as an adjunctive agent is more effective than the use of anti-parasitic therapy alone; if so, when corticosteroids should be initiated in the treatment regimen (early versus late course of treatment), and what would be the...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - January 25, 2017 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Jasper S, Vedula SS, John SS, Horo S, Sepah YJ, Nguyen QD Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium spp. in Libya: 2000-2015.
Conclusion The reviewed data suggest that E. histolytica, G. lamblia, and Cryptosporidium spp. may play a minor role in GE in Libya. The observed high prevalence rates of E. histolytica/dispar reported from Libya could be due mainly to the non-pathogenic E. dispar and E. moshkovskii. However, more studies are needed in the future using E. histolytica-specific enzyme immunoassays and/or molecular methods to confirm this observation. PMID: 28349839 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Libyan Journal of Medicine - March 31, 2017 Category: Journals (General) Tags: Libyan J Med Source Type: research

Foraging strategy for mosquito parasitic nematodes Romanomermis iyengari and Strelkovimermis spiculatus
Publication date: Available online 9 April 2017 Source:Biological Control Author(s): Limin Dong, Yi Wang, Manar Sanad, Yanli Xu, Randy Gaugler To understand the infection strategies of the mosquito parasitic mermithid nematodes Romanomermis iyengari (Welch, 1964) and Strelkovimermis spiculatus (Poinar and Camino, 1986), we have investigated the foraging behaviors of the pre-parasites of both species. Romanomermis iyengari with body length of 0.99 ± 0.071mm (twice as S. spiculatus 0.55 ± 0.01mm) swims faster (2.76 ± 0.13cm/min) than S. spiculatus (1.61 ± 0.09cm/min). The nematode pre-parasites of R. iyengari showed neg...
Source: Biological Control - April 10, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Atypical presentations of cutaneous leishmaniasis: a systematic review.
ATYPICAL PRESENTATIONS OF CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Acta Trop. 2017 May 16;: Authors: Meireles CB, Maia LC, Soares GC, Teodoro IPP, do Socorro Vieira Gadelha M, da Silva CGL, de Lima MAP Abstract Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in 88 countries, showing relevant prevalences. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review on atypical lesions of CL around the world, addressing clinico-epidemiological, immunological and therapeutic aspects. A search of the literature was conducted via electronic databases Scopus and PubMed for articles published between 2010 and 2015....
Source: Acta Tropica - May 16, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Meireles CB, Maia LC, Soares GC, Teodoro IPP, do Socorro Vieira Gadelha M, da Silva CGL, de Lima MAP Tags: Acta Trop Source Type: research

Role of polyamines in parasite cell architecture and function.
Abstract In the absence of accessible, effective vaccines, the fight against parasitic disease relies mostly on chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the considerable side effects, high costs and growing number of refractory cases comprise substantial drawbacks. Thus, the search for new antiparasitic compounds remains a high priority. The polyamine biosynthesis, conversion and transport pathways offer different targets for selective chemotherapy. Polyamine analogues and other antagonists may provide tools in the search for new lead compounds. Light and electron microscopy techniques may encompass valuable approaches to eluc...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - July 3, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Vannier-Santos MA, Suarez-Fontes AM Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

Identification and characterization of ARS ‐like sequences as putative origin(s) of replication in human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum
DNA replication is a fundamental process in genome maintenance, and initiates from several genomic sites (origins) in eukaryotes. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, conserved sequences known as autonomously replicating sequences (ARSs) provide a landing pad for the origin recognition complex (ORC), leading to replication initiation. Although origins from higher eukaryotes share some common sequence features, the definitive genomic organization of these sites remains elusive. The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum undergoes multiple rounds of DNA replication; therefore, control of initiation events is crucial to ensure ...
Source: FEBS Journal - July 27, 2017 Category: Research Authors: Meetu Agarwal, Krishanu Bhowmick, Kushal Shah, Annangarachari Krishnamachari, Suman Kumar Dhar Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

The photodynamic action of pheophorbide a induces cell death through oxidative stress in Leishmania amazonensis
Publication date: Available online 11 August 2017 Source:Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology Author(s): Nathielle Miranda, Hélito Volpato, Jean Henrique da Silva Rodrigues, Wilker Caetano, Tânia Ueda-Nakamura, Sueli de Oliveira Silva, Celso Vataru Nakamura Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by hemoflagellate protozoa, affecting millions of people worldwide. The difficulties of treating patients with this parasitosis include the limited efficacy and many side effects of the currently available drugs. Therefore, the search for new compounds with leishmanicidal action is necessary. Photodynamic therapy has...
Source: Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology - August 11, 2017 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research

Acaricidal activity of essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum, hydrolate and eugenol formulated or free on larvae and engorged females of Rhipicephalus microplus
Abstract The cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1888) (Ixodida: Ixodidae), is the most important ectoparasite in cattle‐breeding areas and is responsible for severe economic losses. Synthetic acaricides have been used to control this parasite. However, the need for safer products has stimulated the search for new acaricides, such as those to be obtained from medicinal plants. The essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) has many biological properties and shows great potential for use in veterinary applications. In the context of the need for new agents, this study investigated the in vitro properties o...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - August 18, 2017 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: F. M. FERREIRA, C. C. DELMONTE, T. L. P. NOVATO, C. M. O. MONTEIRO, E. DAEMON, F. M. P. VILELA, M. P. H. AMARAL Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Practical characteristics of adaptive design in phase 2 and 3 clinical trials
We examined the practical characteristics of adaptive design used in clinical trials. MethodsWe conducted a literature search of adaptive design clinical trials published from 2012 to 2015 using PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, with common search terms related to adaptive design. We systematically assessed the types and characteristics of adaptive designs and disease areas employed in the adaptive design trials. Results and discussionOur survey identified 245 adaptive design clinical trials. The number of trials by the publication year increased from 2012 to 2013 and did not greatly c...
Source: Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics - August 1, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: A. Sato, M. Shimura, M. Gosho Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Considerations of potential vectors and animal reservoirs in an emerging cutaneous leishmaniasis area in S ão Domingos ranch, Paraná State in Southearn Brazil.
Considerations of potential vectors and animal reservoirs in an emerging cutaneous leishmaniasis area in São Domingos ranch, Paraná State in Southearn Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2017 Sep 04;59:e64 Authors: Membrive NA, Hisatugo F, Silveira TGV, Teixeira JJV, Reinhold-Castro KR, Teodoro U Abstract The aim of this study was to better understand the dynamics of Leishmania sand flies and reservoirs in São Domingos ranch, Arapongas municipality, Paraná State, an anthropic environment in an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Sand flies were collected in wild animal burrows, residenc...
Source: Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo - September 4, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Membrive NA, Hisatugo F, Silveira TGV, Teixeira JJV, Reinhold-Castro KR, Teodoro U Tags: Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo Source Type: research