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Antifibrinolytic therapy to reduce haemoptysis from any cause.
CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence to judge whether antifibrinolytics should be used to treat haemoptysis from any cause, though limited evidence suggests they may reduce the duration of bleeding. PMID: 27806184 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 1, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Prutsky G, Domecq JP, Salazar CA, Accinelli R Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Antibiotic treatment for nontuberculous mycobacteria lung infection in people with cystic fibrosis.
CONCLUSIONS: This review did not find any evidence for the effectiveness of different antimicrobial treatment for nontuberculous mycobacteria lung disease in people with cystic fibrosis. Until such evidence becomes available, it is reasonable for clinicians to follow published clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of nodular or bronchiectatic pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium avium complex or Mycobacterium abscessus in patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID: 28000919 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - December 18, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Waters V, Ratjen F Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Interventions for treating tuberculous pericarditis.
CONCLUSIONS: For HIV-negative patients, corticosteroids may reduce death. For HIV-positive patients not on antiretroviral drugs, corticosteroids may reduce constriction. For HIV-positive patients with good antiretroviral drug viral suppression, clinicians may consider the results from HIV-negative patients more relevant.Further research may help evaluate percutaneous drainage of the pericardium under local anaesthesia, the timing of pericardiectomy in tuberculous constrictive pericarditis, and new antibiotic regimens. PMID: 28902412 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - September 13, 2017 Category: General Medicine Authors: Wiysonge CS, Ntsekhe M, Thabane L, Volmink J, Majombozi D, Gumedze F, Pandie S, Mayosi BM Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

South African clinical practice guidelines: A landscape analysis.
CONCLUSION: Accessing CPGs was challenging and required extensive searching. SA has many contributors to CPG development from the public and private sectors and across disciplines, but there is no formal co-ordination or prioritisation of topics for CPG development. Different versions of the CPGs were identified and key quality items were poorly reported, potentially affecting the usability and credibility of those available. There was substantial variation in CPG comprehensiveness and methodological approach. Establishing a national CPG co-ordinating unit responsible for developing standards for CPG development along with...
Source: South African Medical Journal - December 23, 2017 Category: African Health Tags: S Afr Med J Source Type: research

Factors associated with delay in seeking care by tuberculosis patients.
CONCLUSION: Self-medication contributes to the delay in the search for primary health care by tuberculosis patients. PMID: 29562023 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem - March 27, 2018 Category: Nursing Authors: Dantas DNA, Enders BC, Oliveira DRC, Vieira CENK, Queiroz AAR, Arcêncio RA Tags: Rev Bras Enferm Source Type: research

Expanding Research Capacity in Sub-Saharan Africa Through Informatics, Bioinformatics, and Data Science Training Programs in Mali
Conclusion Bioinformatics and data science training programs in developing countries necessitate incremental and collaborative strategies for their feasible and sustainable development. The progress described here covered decades of collaborative efforts centered on training and research on computationally intensive topics. These efforts laid the groundwork and platforms conducive for hosting a bioinformatics and data science training program in Mali. Training programs are perhaps best facilitated through Africa’s university systems as they are perhaps best positioned to maintain core resources during lapses in sho...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - April 11, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Antibiotic treatment for nontuberculous mycobacteria lung infection in people with cystic fibrosis.
CONCLUSIONS: This review did not find any evidence for the effectiveness of different antimicrobial treatment for nontuberculous mycobacteria lung disease in people with cystic fibrosis. Until such evidence becomes available, it is reasonable for clinicians to follow published clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of nodular or bronchiectatic pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium avium complex or Mycobacterium abscessus in patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID: 32521055 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - June 9, 2020 Category: General Medicine Authors: Waters V, Ratjen F Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Dynamics of sputum conversion during effective tuberculosis treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis
ConclusionsThis systematic review found that most patients remained culture positive at 2 weeks of TB treatment, challenging the view that individuals are not infectious after this interval. Culture positivity is, however, only 1 component of infectiousness, with reduced cough frequency and aerosol generation after TB treatment initiation likely to also be important. Studies that integrate our findings with data on cough dynamics could provide a more complete perspective on potential transmission ofMycobacterium tuberculosis by individuals on treatment. Trial registrationSystematic review registration: PROSPERO 85226.
Source: PLoS Medicine - April 26, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Claire J. Calderwood Source Type: research

Xpert® MTB/RIF assay for pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults.
CONCLUSIONS: This review shows that Xpert used as an initial diagnostic test for TB detection and rifampicin resistance detection in patients suspected of having TB, MDR-TB, or HIV-associated TB is sensitive and specific. Xpert may also be valuable as an add-on test following microscopy for patients who have previously been found to be smear-negative. An Xpert result that is positive for rifampicin resistance should be carefully interpreted and take into consideration the risk of MDR-TB in a given patient and the expected prevalence of MDR-TB in a given setting.Studies in this review mainly assessed sensitivity and specifi...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - March 2, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Steingart KR, Sohn H, Schiller I, Kloda LA, Boehme CC, Pai M, Dendukuri N Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Task shifting from doctors to non-doctors for initiation and maintenance of antiretroviral therapy.
CONCLUSIONS: Our review found moderate quality evidence that shifting responsibility from doctors to adequately trained and supported nurses or community health workers for managing HIV patients probably does not decrease the quality of care and, in the case of nurse initiated care, may decrease the numbers of patients lost to follow-up. PMID: 24980859 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - July 1, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Kredo T, Adeniyi FB, Bateganya M, Pienaar ED Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Wikipedia May Predict The Next Global Health Crisis
Scientists may one day be able to predict epidemics simply by analyzing what people are searching on the Internet. Researchers at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico found that a surge in Wikipedia traffic for certain disease-related articles predicted the large-scale spread of illnesses in several world locations, sometimes as long as 28 days before official spikes were recorded. The findings were published online Thursday in PLOS Computational Biology. Unlike Google flu trends, which uses search data to reflect where outbreaks are happening, the Wikipedia analysis can predict an outbreak. Nicholas Generou...
Source: Healthy Living - The Huffington Post - November 17, 2014 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Antibiotic treatment for nontuberculous mycobacteria lung infection in people with cystic fibrosis.
CONCLUSIONS: This review did not find any evidence for the effectiveness of different antimicrobial treatment for nontuberculous mycobacteria lung disease in people with cystic fibrosis. Until such evidence becomes available, it is reasonable for clinicians to follow the American Thoracic Society guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of nodular or bronchiectatic pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium avium complex or Mycobacterium abscessus in patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID: 25470304 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - December 3, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Waters V, Ratjen F Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

The process of detection and treatment of cases of tuberculosis in a prison
This study seeks to analyze the process of detection and treatment of cases of tuberculosis (TB) in a prison in the south of Brazil. An active and passive search for TB was conducted to estimate the scale of TB in a prison with 764 inmates. In conjunction with the detection strategies and clinical follow-up of the 41 TB cases, participant observation and records in field diaries were performed, making it possible to analyze the scope and limitations of detection and treatment of cases of TB in prison. The development of search strategies is discussed along with the use of questionnaires to detect symptomatic cases, as well...
Source: Ciencia e Saude Coletiva - June 30, 2016 Category: Occupational Health Source Type: research

Fight Aging! Newsletter, August 15th 2016
In conclusion, our results demonstrate that circulating GDF11 levels are reduced in our mouse model of premature aging, which shares most of the symptoms that occur in normal aging. However, GDF11 protein administration is not sufficient to extend longevity in these progeroid mice. Although accelerated-aging mouse models can serve as powerful tools to test and develop anti-aging therapies common to both physiological and pathological aging, the existence of certain differences between the two processes implies that further investigation is still required to determine whether long-term GDF11 administration has a pro-surviva...
Source: Fight Aging! - August 14, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs

Prevalence of latent TB infection and TB disease among adolescents in high TB burden countries in Africa: a systematic review protocol
Introduction Almost a third of the world population has latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI), ~10 million of whom develop TB disease annually, despite existence of effective, but lengthy, preventive and curative drug regimens. Although adolescents appear to have a very high force of LTBI, their reported incidence of TB disease is less than that of their corresponding general population. The few available studies on adolescent TB infection and disease prevalence are not sufficient to address the apparent discordance between rates of infection and disease in high TB burden countries in Africa. Therefore, we aim to perfo...
Source: BMJ Open - March 9, 2017 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Bunyasi, E. W., Schmidt, B.-M., Abdullahi, L. H., Mulenga, H., Tameris, M., Luabeya, A., Shenje, J., Scriba, T., Geldenhuys, H., Wood, R., Hatherill, M. Tags: Open access, Epidemiology, Evidence based practice, Global health, Infectious diseases, Public health, Research methods Protocol Source Type: research

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