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Blood-Brain Barrier KCa3.1 Channels: Evidence for a Role in Brain Na Uptake and Edema in Ischemic Stroke Basic Sciences
Conclusions— BBB endothelial cells exhibit KCa3.1 protein and activity and pharmacological blockade of KCa3.1 seems to provide an effective therapeutic approach for reducing cerebral edema formation in the first 3 hours of ischemic stroke.
Source: Stroke - December 22, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Chen, Y.-J., Wallace, B. K., Yuen, N., Jenkins, D. P., Wulff, H., O'Donnell, M. E. Tags: Acute Cerebral Infarction Basic Sciences Source Type: research

Hypoxic-ischemic neonatal encephalopathy: animal experiments for neuroprotective therapies.
Authors: Sameshima H, Ikenoue T Abstract Hypoxic-ischemic neonatal encephalopathy and ensuing brain damage is still an important problem in modern perinatal medicine. In this paper, we would like to share some of the results of our recent studies on neuroprotective therapies in animal experiments, as well as some literature reviews. From the basic animal studies, we have now obtained some possible candidates for therapeutic measures against hypoxic-ischemic neonatal encephalopathy. For example, they are hypothermia, rehabilitation, free radical scavenger, neurotrophic factors and growth factors, steroid, calcium ch...
Source: Stroke Research and Treatment - December 2, 2014 Category: Neurology Tags: Stroke Res Treat Source Type: research

The back and forth of axonal injury and repair after stroke
Purpose of review: The axon plays a central role in both the injury and repair phases after stroke. This review highlights emerging principles in the study of axonal injury in stroke and the role of the axon in neural repair after stroke. Recent findings: Ischemic stroke produces a rapid and significant loss of axons in the acute phase. This early loss of axons results from a primary ischemic injury that triggers a wave of calcium signaling, activating proteolytic mechanisms and downstream signaling cascades. A second progressive phase of axonal injury occurs during the subacute period and damages axons that survive the in...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - November 7, 2014 Category: Neurology Tags: TRAUMA AND REHABILITATION: Edited by S. Thomas Carmichael Source Type: research

Protective effect of grape seed and skin extract on cerebral ischemia in rat: implication of transition metals
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of long lasting disability in humans and oxidative stress an important underlying cause. The present study aims to determine the effect of short term (seven‐days) administration of high dosage grape seed and skin extract (GSSE 2·5 g/kg) on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in a rat model of global ischemia. Ischemia was induced by occlusion of the common carotid arteries for 30 min followed by one‐hour reperfusion on control or GSSE treated animals. I/R induced a drastic oxidative stress characterized by high lipid and protein oxidation, a drop in antioxidant enzyme defenses, dis...
Source: International Journal of Stroke - November 3, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Kadri Safwen, Smine Selima, Elayed Mohamed, Limam Ferid, Cosette Pascal, Amri Mohamed, Aouani Ezzedine, Mokni Meherzia Tags: Research Source Type: research

Reduced breath holding index in patients with chronic migraine
This study aimed to evaluate basal cerebral blood flow velocity and vasomotor reactivity in patients with chronic migraine. We evaluated 38 patients with chronic migraine. Three of them were excluded because they had auras and four of them were excluded because of their use of medication that can affect cerebral blood flow velocity and breath holding index (beta or calcium channel blockers). Our study population consisted of 31 patients with chronic migraine without aura and 29 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals who were not taking any medication. The mean blood flow velocity and breath holding index were measured...
Source: Acta Neurologica Belgica - October 12, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

NR2B Phosphorylation at Tyrosine 1472 Contributes to Brain Injury in a Rodent Model of Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia Basic Sciences
Conclusions— Upregulation of NR2B phosphorylation at Y1472 after neonatal HI is involved in superoxide-mediated oxidative stress and contributes to brain injury.
Source: Stroke - September 22, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Knox, R., Brennan-Minnella, A. M., Lu, F., Yang, D., Nakazawa, T., Yamamoto, T., Swanson, R. A., Ferriero, D. M., Jiang, X. Tags: Animal models of human disease Basic Sciences Source Type: research

G.P.272: Novel deletions in TPM3 define a hypercontractile phenotype with marked congenital muscle stiffness: Expanding the spectrum of TPM3 related disease
Tropomyosin 3 encoded by the TPM3 gene is a member of the acting binding tropomyosin family, a component of the sarcomeric thin filaments troponin tropomyosin complex that is essential in muscle contraction by regulating the calcium dependent binding of the myosin head to the actin filament in anticipation of the force generating power stroke. Mutations in TPM3 cause a clinical and histopathological heterogeneous group of neuromuscular disorders characterized by progressive weakness that includes CAP myopathy, congenital fiber type disproportion and nemaline myopathy. Recent studies of the deltaK7 mutation in TPM2 suggest ...
Source: Neuromuscular Disorders - September 4, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: S. Donkervoort, M. Neu, J. Kirschner, M.L. Yang, S.B. Marston, M.A. Gibbons, Y. Hu, J.M. de Winter, C.A.C. Ottenheijm, A. Rutkowski, M. Krüger, E. McNamara, R. Ong, K. Nowak, N.F. Clarke, C.G. Bönnemann Source Type: research

G.P.157: Clinical and pathological features associated with mutations in MICU1
We present the clinical/pathological features in a cohort of 18 patients. Patients presented between birth and 8years with a mild, relatively static, proximal myopathy associated with high Creatinine Kinase (2000–10,000iu/L), learning difficulties and frequent microcephaly. At follow up (5–28yrs), all remained ambulant but variable extrapyramidal symptoms had developed in the majority by the end of the 1st decade. Other features suggestive of mitochondrial dysfunction included peripheral neuropathy, icthyosis, stroke like episodes, episodic weakness, ataxia and cataracts. Cardiomyopathy was not seen. Serum and CSF lact...
Source: Neuromuscular Disorders - September 4, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: A.M. Childs, K. Pysden, H. Roper, G. Chow, E.H. Niks, M. Kriek, P.F. Chinnery, D. Lewis-Smith, M. Duchen, G. Szabadkai, C. Logan, E. Sheridan, C. Sewry, F. Muntoni Source Type: research

Anti-oxidative nutrient rich diet protects against acute ischemic brain damage in rats.
Abstract We evaluated the neuroprotective effects of an anti-oxidative nutrient rich enteral diet (AO diet) that contained rich polyphenols (catechins and proanthocyanidins) and many other anti-oxidative ingredients. Wistar rats were treated with either vehicle, normal AO diet (containing 100kcal/100ml, catechin 38.75mg/100ml and proanthocyanidin 19mg/100ml, 1ml/day), or high AO diet (containing 10 times the polyphenols of the normal AO diet) for 14 days, and were subjected to 90min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. The AO diet improved motor function, reduced cerebral infarction volume, and decreased...
Source: Brain Research - August 28, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Yunoki T, Deguchi K, Omote Y, Liu N, Liu W, Hishikawa N, Yamashita T, Abe K Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

Clinical Trials in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Abstract Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a major cause of mortality and disability and remains a serious and significant global health problem. The development of neurovascular protectants to treat AIS successfully has been beset by disappointments and setbacks. Many promising candidates have lacked significant pleiotropic protective activity for brain tissue and cerebral blood vessels in clinical trials, while those with protective activity have had poor bioavailability or high toxicity. Moreover, the majority of agents did not confer significant neurovascular protection or clinical efficacy, as measured by standa...
Source: CNS Drugs - August 27, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

ATP-Evoked Sustained Vasoconstrictions Mediated by Heteromeric P2X1/4 Receptors in Cerebral Arteries Basic Sciences
Conclusions— This study reveals for the first time that apart from rapidly desensitizing homomeric P2X1Rs, heteromeric P2X1/4Rs contribute to the sustained component of the purinergic-mediated vasoconstriction in RMCA. Our study, therefore, identifies possible novel targets for therapeutical intervention in cerebral circulation.
Source: Stroke - July 28, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Harhun, M. I., Povstyan, O. V., Albert, A. P., Nichols, C. M. Tags: Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Cerebrovascular disease/stroke, Ion channels/membrane transport Basic Sciences Source Type: research

Comparative effects of antihypertensive drugs on stroke outcome in China
ConclusionThis study suggests that early initiation of calcium channel blockers is associated with improved outcome after stroke. Further randomized studies are warranted to confirm these findings and to delineate differential beneficial effects of antihypertensive therapy in stroke prevention.
Source: International Journal of Stroke - July 1, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Emma L. Heeley, Jade W. Wei, Ji‐Guang Wang, Hisatomi Arima, Yining Huang, Lawrence K. S. Wong, Craig S. Anderson, Tags: Research Source Type: research

Voltage Gated Calcium Channels Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis (P5.228)
ConclusionThis case demonstrates a correlation between a high titer of VGCC antibodies and autoimmune encephalitis. Our patient's initial improvement with steroids and plasma exchange in the face of a negative CT and PET suggests a primary autoimmune process rather than a paraneoplastic etiology, though we admit that it is premature to rule out remission and we will continue to follow herDisclosure: Dr. Alwaki has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lugo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Goshgarian has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ahmad has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hefzy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mitsias has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Alwaki, A., Lugo, A., Goshgarian, C., Ahmad, O., Hefzy, H., Mitsias, P. Tags: Aging, Dementia, and Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology: Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and Subacute Encephalopathies Source Type: research

Are Carotid Artery Stenosis-Isolated and Carotid Artery-Plus Two Distinct Entities? (P7.172)
CONCLUSIONS: CAS-isolated and CAS-plus appear to be two distinct entities with unique demographic and clinical attributes.Disclosure: Dr. Jani has nothing to disclose. Dr. Malik has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hussain has nothing to disclose. Dr. Qureshi has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Jani, V., Malik, A., Hussain, S., Qureshi, A. Tags: Cerebrovascular Disease and Interventional Neurology: Carotid Disease Source Type: research

Intakes of Potassium, Magnesium, and Calcium and Risk of Stroke Brief Reports
Conclusions— This study supports an association between high magnesium intake and a reduced stroke risk.
Source: Stroke - March 24, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Sluijs, I., Czernichow, S., Beulens, J. W. J., Boer, J. M. A., van der Schouw, Y. T., Verschuren, W. M. M., Grobbee, D. E. Tags: Epidemiology Brief Reports Source Type: research

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