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Therapy: Immunotherapy

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Total 258 results found since Jan 2013.

Melanoma immunotherapy using mature DCs expressing the constitutive proteasome
Conclusion. These results suggest that the efficacy of melanoma DC–based immunotherapy is enhanced when tumor antigen–loaded DCs used for vaccination express cPs. Trial registration. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00672542. Funding. Duke Clinical Research Institute/Duke Translational Medicine Institute, Duke Melanoma Consortium, and Duke University Department of Surgery.
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - July 1, 2013 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Jens Dannull, N. Rebecca Haley, Gary Archer, Smita Nair, David Boczkowski, Mark Harper, Nicole De Rosa, Nancy Pickett, Paul J. Mosca, James Burchette, Maria A. Selim, Duane A. Mitchell, John Sampson, Douglas S. Tyler, Scott K. Pruitt Source Type: research

Gene interference strategies as a new tool for the treatment of prostate cancer
Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancer in men. It affects older men and the incidence increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 67 years. The diagnosis of PCa is essentially based on three tools: digital rectal exam, serum concentration of prostate specific antigen, and transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy. Currently, the therapeutic treatments of this cancer are different and range from the prostatectomy to hormonal therapy, to radiation therapy, to immunotherapy, and to chemotherapy. However, additional efforts are required in order to find new weapons for the treatment of meta...
Source: Endocrine - June 7, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Electrochemotherapy of tumors as in situ vaccination boosted by immunogene electrotransfer
Abstract Electroporation is a platform technology for drug and gene delivery. When applied to cell in vitro or tissues in vivo, it leads to an increase in membrane permeability for molecules which otherwise cannot enter the cell (e.g., siRNA, plasmid DNA, and some chemotherapeutic drugs). The therapeutic effectiveness of delivered chemotherapeutics or nucleic acids depends greatly on their successful and efficient delivery to the target tissue. Therefore, the understanding of different principles of drug and gene delivery is necessary and needs to be taken into account according to the specificity of their deliver...
Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy - June 12, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

RNAi nanomaterials targeting immune cells as an anti-tumor therapy: the missing link in cancer treatment?
Publication date: Available online 15 August 2015 Source:Materials Today Author(s): João Conde, Christina E. Arnold, Furong Tian, Natalie Artzi siRNA delivery targeting tumor cells and cancer-associated immune cells has been gaining momentum in the last few years. A combinatorial approach for silencing crucial factors essential for tumor progression in cancer-associated immune cells and in cancer cells simultaneously can effectively shift the tumor microenvironment from pro-oncogenic to anti-tumoral. Gene-therapy using RNAi nanomaterials can help shift this balance; however, fully utilizing the potential of RNAi rel...
Source: Materials Today - August 15, 2015 Category: Materials Science Source Type: research

Amphiregulin activates regulatory T lymphocytes and suppresses CD8+ T cell-mediated anti-tumor response in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
In this study, we investigated how HCC cells alter endogenous anti-tumor immunity and their related signaling pathways. We found that HCC cells, both in vitro and in vivo, substantially secret and express amphiregulin (AR). AR in turn activates immunosuppressive function of intratumoral CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), a major inhibitor of CD8+ T cells. Using either lentiviral siRNA, or AR neutralizing antibody, we blocked the expression and function of AR to test the specificity of AR mediated activation of Tregs, Biochemical and cell biology studies were followed and confirmed that blocking of AR inhibited Tregs ac...
Source: Oncotarget - October 11, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Oncotarget Source Type: research

Current advances in self-assembled nanogels for immunotherapy.
Abstract Since nanogels (nanometer-sized gels) were developed two decades ago, they were utilized as carriers of innovative drug delivery systems. In particular, immunological drug delivery via self-assembled nanogels (self-Nanogels) owing to their nanometer size and molecular chaperon-like ability to encapsulate large biomolecules is one of the most well studied and successful applications of nanogels. In the present review, we focus on nanogel applications as immunological drug delivery systems for cancer vaccines, cytokine delivery, nasal vaccines and nucleic acid delivery, including several clinical trials. Ca...
Source: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews - October 16, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Tahara Y, Akiyoshi K Tags: Adv Drug Deliv Rev Source Type: research

Abstract A83: Lentiviral shRNA-mediated knockdown of eosinophilic Galectin-10/Charcot-Leyden crystals: A novel approach to cancer immunotherapy
Conclusion: The creation of galectin-10 knockdown eosinophils provides a useful model for investigating eosinophilic galectin-10's ability to modulate T cell access and homing to tumors, and a putative role, similar to Treg galectin-10, in regulating tumoral T lymphocytic proliferation can certainly be envisioned. The consideration of galectin-10 knockdown eosinophils as a singular approach to cancer immunotherapy, or in combination with other anti-cancer therapies such as adoptive T cell therapies, or therapeutic cancer vaccines, is intriguing.Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference.Citation Format: Christ...
Source: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention - September 30, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Clarke, C. A., Lee, C. M., Laniyan, I., Furbert-Harris, P. Tags: Other Topics in Cell, Molecular, and Tumor Biology: Poster Presentations - Proffered Abstracts Source Type: research

Establishment of neutralizing rat monoclonal antibodies for fibroblast growth factor-2.
Authors: Tanaka M, Yamaguchi M, Shiota M, Kawamoto Y, Takahashi K, Inagaki A, Osada-Oka M, Harada A, Wanibuchi H, Izumi Y, Miura K, Iwao H, Ohkawa Y Abstract Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) plays a critical role in endothelial survival, proliferation, and angiogenesis and is localized on the cell membrane by binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Here we established a neutralizing monoclonal antibody, 1B9B9, against FGF-2 using the rat medial iliac lymph node method. 1B9B9 blocked the binding of FGF-2 to its receptor, inhibiting FGF-2-induced proliferation and corresponding downstream signaling in endothelial...
Source: Monoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy - December 2, 2015 Category: Microbiology Tags: Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother Source Type: research

Abstract C171: Human anti-Nucleolin recombinant immunoagents as new potential tools for melanoma treatment
Immunotherapy and immune-based anti-cancer molecules represent a valid strategy to fight cancer. However, the choice of tumor-specific surface molecules for the selective targeting of cancer cells still represents a critical step in the study design for the development of new therapeutic approaches. Notably, the development of phage-display technology for the selection of fully human single chain antibody fragments (scFvs) and complete antibodies directed toward tumor-associated antigens has represented a significant advancement for immunotherapy.Nucleolin (NCL) is one of the most abundant non-ribosomal proteins in the nuc...
Source: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics - January 7, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Braddom, A., Richmond, T., Sheetz, T., Reese, E., Tessari, A., Tober, K., Burd, C. E., De Lorenzo, C., Martin, E. W., Coppola, V., Tweedle, M. F., Oberyszyn, T., Croce, C. M., Palmieri, D. Tags: Therapeutic Agents: Biological: Poster Presentations - Proffered Abstracts Source Type: research

Mismatch in epitope specificities between IFNγ inflamed and uninflamed conditions leads to escape from T lymphocyte killing in melanoma
Conclusions Our results illustrate a little-studied mechanism of immune escape by tumor cells which, with appropriate understanding and treatment, may be reversible. These data have implications for the design of cancer vaccines and adoptive T cell therapies.
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - February 16, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Inhibition of Sprouty2 polarizes macrophages toward an M2 phenotype by stimulation with interferon γ and Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide
In this study, we investigated the mechanisms through which Spry2 depletion by interferon (IFN) γ and Pg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation affected the physiology of macrophages in vitro. Transfection of macrophages with Spry2 small‐interfering RNA (siRNA) promoted the expression of genes characteristic of M2 alternative activated macrophages, induced interleukin (IL)‐10 expression, and enhanced arginase activity, even in cells stimulated with IFNγ and Pg LPS. In addition, we found that phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) and AKT activation by Spry2 downregulation enhanced efferocytosis of apoptotic cells by increa...
Source: Immunity, Inflammation and Disease - February 26, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ryo Atomura, Terukazu Sanui, Takao Fukuda, Urara Tanaka, Kyosuke Toyoda, Takaharu Taketomi, Kensuke Yamamichi, Hajime Akiyama, Fusanori Nishimura Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Preparation of Antispermidine/Spermine-N1-Acetyltransferase Monoclonal Antibodies.
Authors: Chen Y, Zhang C Abstract Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) is a catabolic regulator of polyamines, ubiquitous molecules essential for cell proliferation and differentiation. Anti-SSAT antibodies (monoclonal antibodies [mAbs]) of high titer were prepared by immunizing BALB/c mice with multifocal intradermal injections and by fusing high-titer antibody-producing spleen cells with myeloma cells of SP2/0 origin. Four mAbs were selected for further characterization as classes and subclasses. Antibodies were produced by these three clones with high affinities ranging from 10(9) to 10(11) M(-1). The...
Source: Monoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy - May 28, 2016 Category: Microbiology Tags: Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother Source Type: research

mTOR inhibition potentiates cytotoxicity of Vγ4 γδ T cells via up-regulating NKG2D and TNF-α.
Abstract γδ T cells play a critical role in early anti-tumor immunity and perform cytotoxicity via NKG2D for recognition and multiple cytotoxic factors for tumor killing. Recent studies have demonstrated pivotal roles of mTOR-mediated metabolism in the maturation, differentiation, and effector function of diverse immune cells, including DCs, NK cells, CD4(+) T cell subsets, and CD8(+) T cells, but the role of mTOR signaling in γδ T cells is barely known. Here, we showed that suppressing mTOR signaling in in vitro-expanded Vγ4 γδ T cells via the mechanistic inhibitor rapamycin enhanced their cytotoxicity aga...
Source: Journal of Leukocyte Biology - June 1, 2016 Category: Hematology Authors: Cao G, Wang Q, Li G, Meng Z, Liu H, Tong J, Huang W, Liu Z, Jia Y, Wei J, Chi H, Yang H, Zhao L, Wu Z, Hao J, Yin Z Tags: J Leukoc Biol Source Type: research

Uncoupling protein 2 regulates metabolic reprogramming and fate of antigen-stimulated CD8+ T cells
Abstract Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) employing ex vivo-generated tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells shows tumor efficacy when the transferred cells possess both effector and memory functions. New strategies based on understanding of mechanisms that balance CD8+ T cell differentiation toward effector and memory responses are highly desirable. Emerging information confirms a central role for antigen-induced metabolic reprogramming in CD8+ T cell differentiation and clonal expansion. The mitochondrial protein uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is induced by antigen stimulation of CD8+ T cells; however, its role in metaboli...
Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy - June 5, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research