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News beyond our pages
Bachert et al (Lancet 2019; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31881-1) investigated the efficacy of the addition of dupilumab, an mAb that inhibits the signaling of the key TH2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, to standard intranasal corticosteroid therapy in patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). In 2 large phase 3 trials, dupilumab treatment was well tolerated and reduced both the size of polyps and radiographic evidence of sinus disease while improving symptom control.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - November 30, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Marc E. Rothenberg, Jean Bousquet Tags: News beyond our pages Source Type: research

The validity of physician-diagnosed asthma
This study demonstrates the difficulties which arise when assigning a diagnosis of asthma to a symptomatic patient. We believe that careful assessment of airway physiology should be a cornerstone of the diagnostic process in the case of this disease.
Source: European Respiratory Journal - November 20, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: OCarroll, O., Mcgowan, A., Gough, C., Shah, W., Burke, C. Tags: Clinical respiratory physiology, exercise and functional imaging Source Type: research

Evaluation of psychogenic respiratory behaviours in children
Conclusion: Psychogenic respiratory problems are usually diagnosed by exclusion of other diseases. This diagnosis should be considered in the adolescent age group which has no pathology in physical examination but especially high stress factor. In suspected patients, early psychiatric evaluation is important for early diagnosis of these patients.
Source: European Respiratory Journal - November 20, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Yazan, H., Orengul, A. C., Ertas, E., Cakir, E. Tags: Paediatric respiratory epidemiology Source Type: research

E-Cigs, Vaping Linked to Nonspecific Imaging Findings E-Cigs, Vaping Linked to Nonspecific Imaging Findings
Using electronic cigarettes or vaping is associated with lung injury that can appear as nonspecific findings on chest radiography and CT, researchers report.Reuters Health Information
Source: Medscape Allergy Headlines - November 10, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Pulmonary Medicine News Source Type: news

Prevalence and characterization of chronic rhinosinusitis in patients with non ‒cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis at a tertiary care center in the United States
ConclusionCRS had a high prevalence and was associated with numerous comorbid conditions in patients with bronchiectasis. These findings have clinical implications for the treatment of patients with bronchiectasis and future research.
Source: International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology - October 6, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Shaan N. Somani, Jason H. Kwah, Chen Yeh, David B. Conley, Leslie C. Grammer, Robert C. Kern, Michelle Prickett, Robert P. Schleimer, Stephanie S. Smith, Whitney W. Stevens, Bruce K. Tan, Kevin C. Welch, Anju T. Peters Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

What Are Pulmonary Embolism Risk Factors?
Discussion Pulmonary embolism (PE) is potentially life-threatening but fortunately rare event especially in the pediatric population. It was first described in children in 1861. PE is likely underreported because of minimal or non-specific clinical symptoms. The incidence is estimated at 0.05-4.2% with the 4.2% based on autopsy reports. It is probably also increasing as more central venous catheters (CVC) are used, and more children are surviving previously poor prognostic diseases. There is a bimodal distribution with cases < 1 year (especially neonates which account for ~50% of this group) and in teenagers. Neonates a...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - September 23, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Are rhinoviruses implicated in the pathogenesis of sinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis exacerbations? A comprehensive review
ConclusionRV infections are common in persons with CRS, and incite inflammatory reactions that may result in CRS exacerbations and progression of disease. Further studies assessing RV species, and the host ‐virome response are required to develop new strategies targeting RV‐induced CRS.
Source: International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology - August 19, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Usmaan Basharat, Mazen M. Aiche, Marianne M. Kim, Maheep Sohal, Eugene H. Chang Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research

Validation of the Prescreening Intradermal Skin Test for Predicting Hypersensitivity to Iodinated Contrast Media: A Prospective Study with ICM challenge
ConclusionRoutine IDT before administration of an iodinated contrast agent does not predict hypersensitivity considering its extremely low sensitivity and a low positive predictive value.
Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice - August 11, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Case: Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma Secondary to Breast Lesion Case: Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma Secondary to Breast Lesion
This unusual case highlights the differential diagnosis of invasive fungal sinusitis versus metastasis with sinus invasion, which can be difficult to differentiate by radiographic appearance.Applied Radiology
Source: Medscape Allergy Headlines - May 31, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Radiology Journal Article Source Type: news

Topical therapies for management of chronic rhinosinusitis: steroid implants
ConclusionThe novel steroid ‐eluting implants appear to be beneficial for CRS patients immediately post‐operatively as well as for nasal polyps patients. Interestingly, these implants could be used as a substitute for the beneficial effect of systemic steroid use for CRS patients.
Source: International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology - May 13, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Joseph K. Han, Robert C. Kern Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research

Autoimmune Disease in Women: Endocrine Transition and Risk Across the Lifespan
Conclusion Autoimmune disease states show strong associations with endocrinological changes in human and animal studies. There is clear evidence for the role of sex steroids in the immune disturbances that result in autoimmune diseases (Figure 2). The majority of women who pass through the different endocrinological transition states do not succumb to autoimmune diseases. FIGURE 2 Figure 2. Factors that contribute to increased incidence and prevalence of autoimmunity in women. In women (46XX) with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune states, external environmental stimuli affect modifying factors as well as endo...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 28, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Combination of Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sedation
Conclusions: The efficacy of DEX–KET sedation was comparable to that of midazolam for MRI examination. DEX–KET was related to shorter scan time and lower occurrence of complications compared to midazolam. Introduction Neurocritically ill patients often require brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in addition to conventional neurological evaluations. Brain MRI can reveal structural lesions with a high sensitivity due to its excellent spatial resolution and enhanced soft tissue contrast (1–3). To acquire MRI images, patients' cooperation is imperative. However, keeping patients with ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Incidence and Outcome of Invasive Fungal Diseases in Children With Hematological Malignancies and/or Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Results of a Prospective Multicenter Study
Conclusion: This prospective multicenter study provides information on the current incidence and outcome of IFD in the real life setting. Practice variation between the centers may help to ultimately improve antifungal management in children at highest risk for IFDs. Introduction Available data on the incidence and outcome of invasive fungal diseases (IFD) in children treated for a hematological malignancy or undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are mostly based on single site, retrospective studies or on studies performed prior to the availability of newer compounds such as broad-sp...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 15, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Impact of endoscopic craniofacial resection on simulated nasal airflow and heat transport
ConclusionAverage HF was low in the CFR group compared with the nonoperative group. However, absence of ENS in most CFR patients may be due to large stimulated mucosal surface area, commensurate with the nonoperative cohort. Diffuse distribution of stimulated area may result from turbulent mixing after CFR. To better understand heat transport post ‐CFR, a larger cohort is necessary.
Source: International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology - March 11, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lauren F. Tracy, Saikat Basu, Parth V. Shah, Dennis O. Frank ‐Ito, Snigdha Das, Adam M. Zanation, Julia S. Kimbell Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research