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What Are Causes of Childhood Interstital Lung Disease?
Discussion Interstitial lung disease in children (chILD) is less understood than adult interstitial lung disease (ILD) and is rare. Prevalence is ~ 0.13 to 16.2 per 100,000 children under age 17 years. chILD is an general term for respiratory disorders that are heterogeneous, chronic and impair lung function. While some define diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD) separately, the term ILD usually encompases DPLD. chILD has variable definitions and is “usually diagnosed if three of the following features are present: 1) respiratory symptoms (cough, rapid and/or difficult breathing, and exercise intolerance), 2) res...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - August 1, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Mycophenolate Mofetil Use Is Associated With Reduced Incidence of Food Allergy in Liver Transplanted Children
Conclusions: Use of MMF 1 and 2 years after transplantation was associated with less food allergy and sensitization against food allergens. The effect of MMF was not due to reduced trough levels of tacrolimus.
Source: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - July 28, 2022 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Original Articles: Hepatology Source Type: research

De Novo Food Allergy in Pediatric Recipients of Liver Transplant
Allergic and atopic conditions, including food allergy, asthma, eczema and eosinophilic disease of the gastrointestinal tract after liver transplant in previously non-allergic children have been increasingly described. After a liver transplant, children can present mild to severe reactions to food allergens (ie, from urticaria-angioedema to life-threatening anaphylactic reactions). De novo post-transplant food allergy may become clinically evident in children who undergo liver transplant between a few months and a few years of transplant. The present narrative review aims to describe the spectrum of de novo post-transplant...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - February 1, 2022 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Topic of the Month Source Type: research

What Types of New Therapies are Available for Cystic Fibrosis?
Discussion Cystic fibrosis (CF) was identified in 1938 by Dr. Dorothy Andersen who described 49 patients with pancreatic insufficiency. Since that time significant achievements in the knowledge about the disease and treatments for patients have changed the mortality from a few months to patients living into middle adulthood or even later. Quality of life for patients and their families and friends has also markedly improved. CF is the classic Mendelian autosomal recessive genetic disorder which is a worldwide disorder but affects people of north European ancestry more often where the main mutation is more common. There are...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - June 28, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Uterine Natural Killer Cells
Conclusions In both mouse and human, uNK cells are the most prominent immune cells that occupy the maternal-fetal interface. The uNK cells appear to engage and establish complex interactions with the surrounding tissue, which impact their function. As more cell subsets are identified within the heterogeneous uNK cell population, it is anticipated that their functional heterogeneity will extend beyond vascular modification, growth-promotion and memory generation. Author Contributions DS wrote the manuscript. LY provided the micrographs and WY edited the manuscript. Funding Work in the Yokoyama lab on uterine NK cells i...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 30, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Core Gut Bacteria Analysis of Healthy Mice
Conclusion In conclusion, our results exhibited a relatively complete picture of core gut bacteria in healthy mice that they were mainly composed of carbohydrate- and amino acids-metabolizing bacteria and immunomodulatory bacteria, as well as their ecological relationships of symbiosis or functional redundancy. It was worth noting that the core bacteria resident in healthy gut was of fundamental importance for not only the healthy physiological characteristics, but also the chronic metabolic disease phenotypes. Our study focused on the gut microbiota of healthy host, and would be an important complement to the case–...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Editorial: Shaping of Human Immune System and Metabolic Processes by Viruses and Microorganisms
Conclusions In conclusion, articles in this Research Topic made a very significant contribution to our understanding of the role played by environmental factors, dysbiotic conditions, and infections in triggering diseases. Since this is a rapidly expanding area of research, many other factors contributing to the onset of these diseases are not covered here. We are confident, however, that further studies will expand the list as well as bring a better understanding of mechanisms involved in the onset of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Author Contributions All authors listed have made a substantial, direct and i...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 16, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Plant-Derived Alkaloids: The Promising Disease-Modifying Agents for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Conclusion This paper summarizes the current findings regarding the anti-colitis activity of plant-derived alkaloids and shows how these alkaloids exhibit significant and beneficial effects in alleviating colonic inflammation. These natural alkaloids are not only promising agents for IBD treatment but are also components for developing new wonder drugs. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms or toxicological evaluation of most plant-derived alkaloids still require much scientific research, and their actual efficacies for IBD patients have not been verified well in field research. Thus, further clinical trials to elu...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

What is DIOS?
Discussion Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor (CFTR). It is found in the epithelium of the bronchi, intestine, pancreatic duct and biliary tree. It regulates chloride, bicarbonate and water secretion. The heterozygous state helps prevent against secretory diarrhea, but the homozygous state causes thickened secretions in the hollow tubes of the lungs and digestive tract. There are multiple mutations (> 2000) which have been currently classified into classes depending on their protein production and activity. CF patients generally are l...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - December 18, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news