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Infectious Disease: Parasitic Diseases

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Total 613 results found since Jan 2013.

Scientists identify potential vaccine candidate for pediatric malaria
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) Researchers have identified a substance, or antigen, that generates antibodies that can hinder the ability of malaria parasites to multiply, which may protect against severe malaria infection. The antigen, known as PfSEA-1, was associated with reduced parasite levels among children and adults in malaria-endemic areas.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - May 22, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Fresh hope in hunt for malaria vaccine
Conclusion Using a combination of laboratory protein experiments, mouse infection studies, and human susceptibility cohorts, this research developed a new prototype vaccine targeting the PfSEA-1 protein. This approach shows promise in partially reducing malaria infection in mice. The vaccine appeared to mimic the natural resistance to malaria infection found in some children and adolescents living in malaria endemic regions of Tanzania and Kenya. It is important to note that the vaccine was not 100% effective but, if developed successfully, it may still be useful if used in combination with other vaccines. Though this l...
Source: NHS News Feed - May 23, 2014 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Medication Pregnancy/child Source Type: news

Basophils are elevated in nasal polyps of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without aspirin sensitivity
In this study we attempted, for the first time, to evaluate the role of another important inflammatory leukocyte, the basophil, in CRS. Basophils are granulocytes found mainly in the circulation and are known to have a role in allergic diseases, parasite expulsion, and immunity against ectoparasites. Basophil numbers are elevated in the bronchial mucosa and submucosa of asthmatic patients, the nasal submucosa in patients with allergic rhinitis, and in the skin of those with multiple inflammatory dermatologic conditions, including eczema and urticaria.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - March 17, 2014 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Mahboobeh Mahdavinia, Roderick G. Carter, Christopher J. Ocampo, Whitney Stevens, Atsushi Kato, Bruce K. Tan, Robert C. Kern, David B. Conley, Rakesh Chandra, Kathryn E. Hulse, Lydia A. Suh, James E. Norton, Anju T. Peters, Leslie C. Grammer, Lawrence B. Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

Soil-transmitted helminth prevalence and infection intensity among geographically and economically distinct Shuar communities in the Ecuadorian Amazon.
This study documents preliminary associations between STH infection and exposure to MI, with implications for public health research and interventions. PMID: 24865410 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Parasitology - May 27, 2014 Category: Parasitology Authors: Cepon-Robins TJ, Liebert MA, Gildner TE, Urlacher SS, Colehour AM, Snodgrass JJ, Madimenos FC, Sugiyama LS Tags: J Parasitol Source Type: research

Cellular force that drives allergy, asthma can be blocked by interferon, immunologists find
A mechanism that could underlie the development of cells that drive asthma and allergies has been uncovered by immunology researchers. Asthma and allergies are both driven by an inappropriate activation of the immune system, primarily a subtype of white blood cells known as T helper 2 cells, or Th2 cells. These cells are normally responsible for defense against parasites, but are also the main culprits behind the symptoms of asthma and allergies.
Source: ScienceDaily Headlines - June 16, 2014 Category: Science Source Type: news

Vaccine made from complex of two malaria proteins protects mice from lethal infection
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) An experimental vaccine designed to spur production of antibodies against a key malaria parasite protein, AMA1, was developed more than decade ago by scientists from NIAID, part of NIH. It showed promise in test-tube and animal experiments and in early-stage clinical trials, but returned disappointing results in recent human trials conducted in malaria-endemic countries.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - June 23, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Plasmodium berghei infection ameliorates atopic dermatitis‐like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice
ConclusionsWe have experimentally demonstrated for the first time that malarial infections ameliorated AD‐like skin lesions in a mouse model of AD. Our study could explain in part the mechanism of the “hygiene hypothesis,” which states that parasitic infections can inhibit the development of allergic diseases.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Allergy - June 27, 2014 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: C. Kishi, H. Amano, K. Suzue, O. Ishikawa Tags: Original Article: Skin and Eye Diseases Source Type: research

Comparative Analysis of the Secretome from a Model Filarial Nematode (Litomosoides sigmodontis) reveals Maximal Diversity in Gravid Female Parasites.
Abstract Filarial nematodes (superfamily Filarioidea) are responsible for an annual global health burden of approximately 6.3 million disability-adjusted life-years, which represents the greatest single component of morbidity attributable to helminths affecting humans. No vaccine exists for the major filarial diseases, lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis; in part because research on protective immunity against filariae has been constrained by the inability of the human-parasitic species to complete their lifecycles in laboratory mice. However, the rodent filaria Litomosoides sigmodontis has become a popular ex...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Proteomics : MCP - June 23, 2014 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Armstrong SD, Babayan SA, Lhermitte-Vallarino N, Gray N, Xia D, Martin C, Kumar S, Taylor DW, Blaxter ML, Wastling JM, Makepeace BL Tags: Mol Cell Proteomics Source Type: research

Resistance to key malaria drug spreading at alarming rate in Southeast Asia
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) Resistance to artemisinin, the main drug to treat malaria, is now widespread throughout Southeast Asia, among the Plasmodium falciparum parasites that cause the disease and is likely caused by a genetic mutation in the parasites. However, a six-day course of artemisinin-based combination therapy -- as opposed to a standard three-day course -- has proved highly effective in treating drug-resistant malaria cases, according to findings published today in the New England Journal of Medicine.
Source: EurekAlert! - Infectious and Emerging Diseases - July 30, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Basophils have emerged as a key player in immunity.
Abstract Basophils had long been neglected in immunological studies, because of their paucity and phenotypic similarity with tissue-resident mast cells. However, recent development of analytical tools has cast new light on this neglected minority, and revealed previously unappreciated roles of basophils, distinct from those of mast cells, in various immune responses. Primary function of basophils appears to be the protection against infections with parasites, including ticks and helminths. This is why basophils are evolutionally conserved well in many animal species, albeit a small number. Nevertheless, basophils ...
Source: Current Opinion in Immunology - July 30, 2014 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Karasuyama H, Yamanishi Y Tags: Curr Opin Immunol Source Type: research

CD8α‐ DC is the major DC subset which mediates inhibition of allergic responses by Schistosoma infection
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Parasite Immunology - August 6, 2014 Category: Parasitology Authors: Jun‐Yan Liu, Ping Lu, Li‐Zhi Hu, Yan‐Jiao Shen, Yun‐Juan Zhu, Ji‐Ling Ren, Wei‐Hua Ji, Xian‐Zhi Zhang, Zeng‐Qiang Wu, Xiu‐Zhen Yang, Jie Yang, Lu‐Yuan Li, Xi Yang, Pei‐Mei Liu Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Eosinophils as a pharmacological target for the treatment of allergic diseases.
Abstract Eosinophils are innate immune cells and active players in inflammatory responses. Their activation and increased levels in the blood and at specific sites are associated with parasitic infections and several inflammatory conditions, notably allergic diseases in which eosinophils are considered to be damaging cells. Intervention targeting eosinophils is thought to prevent and/or limit irreversible organ damage and other eosinophil-associated disorders like hypereosinophilic syndromes, some cancers and autoimmune diseases. Several eosinophil-targeted therapeutic agents which block specific steps in eosinoph...
Source: Current Opinion in Pharmacology - August 12, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Landolina NA, Levi-Schaffer F Tags: Curr Opin Pharmacol Source Type: research

Cutaneous leishmaniasis in a returning UK traveller
Introduction The Leishmaniases are diseases caused by protozoan parasites from more than 20 Leishmania (L.) species (order Kinetoplastida) that are transmitted to humans by the bites of infected female Phlebotomine and Lutzomyia sandflies. There are three main forms of the disease: cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis or kala-azar.1 It is estimated that 0.7–1.2 million of new CL cases and 0.2–0.4 million of new visceral leishmaniasis cases occur each year worldwide.1 CL is classified into Old and New World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (NWCL) depending on the geographic...
Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal - August 18, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Singh Raghunath, R., Yong, A. S. W., Igali, L., Tan, E., Lockwood, D. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: infectious diseases, Travel medicine, Tropical medicine (infectious diseases), Radiology, Dermatology, Surgical diagnostic tests, General surgery, Occupational and environmental medicine Images in medicine Source Type: research

A critical assessment of two real-time PCR assays targeting the (SSU) rRNA and gdh genes for the molecular identification of Giardia intestinalis in a clinical laboratory
Conclusions The Verweij real-time PCR was robust and the most sensitive assay suited for use as a first-line diagnostic test for giardiasis.
Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology - August 18, 2014 Category: Pathology Authors: Boadi, S., Polley, S. D., Kilburn, S., Mills, G. A., Chiodini, P. L. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Tropical medicine (infectious diseases), Clinical diagnostic tests Original article Source Type: research

Unusual chest radiographic findings in children
Answers From questions on page 189 Figure 1 shows multiple dense 2–3 mm nodules. Figure 2 demonstrates an arrowed zoomed up image of a nodule. The radiologist's initial report suggested excluding tuberculosis (TB) infection. Subsequently, she had been investigated for TB and had a negative Mantoux test. A second radiology opinion concluded that the nodules were the benign sequel of previous varicella infection. Varicella pneumonitis can be a fulminant condition but is often asymptomatic. Scattered nodular lung opacities measuring up to 1 cm associated with varicella pneumonitis have been recognise...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Education and Practice - September 12, 2014 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Elemraid, M. A., Wacogne, I., Williams, H. Tags: Journalology, Immunology (including allergy), Pneumonia (infectious disease), TB and other respiratory infections, Child health, Asthma, Pneumonia (respiratory medicine), Competing interests (ethics) Epilogue Source Type: research