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Infectious Disease: Tuberculosis

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Total 482 results found since Jan 2013.

Frequent conversion of tuberculosis screening tests during anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy in patients with rheumatic diseases
Conclusions Approximately one third of patients with negative baseline TB screening develop conversion of at least one screening test during anti-TNF treatment. These findings should be considered when designing re-screening strategies and contemplating latent TB therapy.
Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - September 9, 2015 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Hatzara, C., Hadziyannis, E., Kandili, A., Koutsianas, C., Makris, A., Georgiopoulos, G., Vassilopoulos, D. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Radiology, Connective tissue disease, Degenerative joint disease, Musculoskeletal syndromes, Rheumatoid arthritis, Clinical diagnostic tests, Radiology (diagnostics), Epidemiology Clinical and epidemiological research Source Type: research

Case report: a presumptive diagnosis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
A 42-year old previously well man presented with a ten-day history of a flu-like illness, headache, back pain and urinary retention. He deteriorated in hospital with pyrexia and agitation and developed acute respiratory compromise necessitating intubation. MR imaging of the neural axis demonstrated enhancement of the leptomeninges, the splenium of the corpus callosum and patchy enhancement of the cervical and thoracic cord. CSF analysis revealed a white cell count of 211 (95% lymphocytes), protein 2.96 g/L and glucose 3.2 mmol/L (serum glucose 9.6 mmol/L). Initial working diagnosis was of a meningoencephalitis with a ...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 14, 2015 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Al-Ansari, A., Hill, M. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), HIV/AIDS, Meningitis, Cranial nerves, Headache (including migraine), Infection (neurology), Multiple sclerosis, Pain (neurology), Spinal cord, Ophthalmology Thur 21, Parallel session 5: Therapeutics Source Type: research

Ockham's razor or hickam's dictum? the diagnostic journey of a patient with proximal myopathy
A 39-year old Congolese native presented with a ten-year history of myalgia and progressive muscle weakness. He had a known tissue diagnosis of pulmonary, mediastinal and hepatic sarcoidosis, as well as latent tuberculosis. Family history was unavailable. Examination revealed deformity of the distal joints; shoulder girdle and proximal lower limb atrophy; proximal muscle weakness and a waddling gait. CK was 2560 IU/l (normal <290). Plain films of the hands revealed cystic bony change. EMG demonstrated features consistent with a necrotising myopathy. MRI of proximal muscle groups revealed abnormal high signal consistent ...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 14, 2015 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: O'Dowd, S., Munteanu, T., Hardiman, D., Langan, Y., Brett, F., Redmond, J. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Muscle disease, Neuromuscular disease, Radiology, Musculoskeletal syndromes, Surgical diagnostic tests Thur 21, Parallel session 5: Therapeutics Source Type: research

Subpopulation structure of blood lymphocytes at patients with lung tuberculosis
Research of immunological tolerance to M. tuberculosis (TB) is an important task. The purpose of our work is studying of structure of the population of lymphocytes of blood in various forms of a lung TB. We surveyed 5 groups on 25 patients everyone. Research included patients with diagnoses of tuberculoma; infiltrative pulmonary TB, the prevalence of the process 1 - 3 segment; infiltrative pulmonary TB, caused by a microorganism with multidrug resistance (MDR), involving more than 3 segments; fibrous-cavernous pulmonary TB (FCT) and the control group – healthy people. The subpopulations of a lymphocytes were determin...
Source: European Respiratory Journal - October 30, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Ershova, A. V., Berdyugina, O. V. Tags: 5.3 Allergy and Immunology Source Type: research

Coinfection HIV-TB in children
Conclusion: HIV-infection in prenatally infected children without treatment reaches the AIDS stage within the 1st year of life (CD4 reduction to 50 cells/mcl and less). However tuberculosis is responsive to treatment even in cases of pronounced immunodeficiency if antiviral and antituberculosis therapy is administered.
Source: European Respiratory Journal - October 30, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Medvinskiy, I., Chugaev, Y., Skornyakov, S., Kamaeva, N. Tags: 7.4 Paediatric Respiratory Infection and Immunology Source Type: research

Chronic granulomatous disease diagnosed in adulthood- Report of 2 Cases
We report 2 cases with CGD to emphasize that all granuloma forming diseases are not tuberculosis (TB), CGD must be considered in differential diagnosis in adults in populations with high incidence of consanguineous marriagesCase 1: 26 years old female patient has been on TB treatment for 5 months was admitted with respiratory failure. Although her initial sputum and culture negative for AFB, granulomatous inflammation was observed by surgical lung biopsy. Because of no response to treatment, patient was referred to our clinic with suspicion of MDR-TB. Galactomannan, cultures and 3 ARB results were negative. In medical hist...
Source: European Respiratory Journal - October 30, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Kilic, A. I., Tokyay, D. A., Bodur, Y., Aksoy, E., Aktas, O., Tokgöz Akyil, F., Sevim, T. Tags: 5.3 Allergy and Immunology Source Type: research

Evaluation of the QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube assay and tuberculin skin test for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in northeastern Thailand
Conclusion: The TST should be used as a screening test based on its higher sensitivity, whereas the QFT should be used as a confirmatory test because of its higher specificity. 
Source: Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and Immunology - July 25, 2015 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

A case of rib tuberculosis and chest wall abscess with multi-drug hypersensitivity reactions.
In this report, we present an 85-year-old male patient desensitized due to the development of allergy against multi-drugs with rib tuberculosis and chest wall abscess to whom, culture, drug susceptibility and genotypical tests were applied. In November 2012, the patient applied to a medical center with complaints of swelling and pain under the right rib, underwent rib resection and eventually diagnosed as rib TB by histopathological examination. However, the anti-TB treatment was discontinued due to the hypersensitivity reactions in the skin and in addition to the hepatic and renal dysfunction side effects. The patient had...
Source: Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni - December 2, 2015 Category: Microbiology Tags: Mikrobiyol Bul Source Type: research

Systems Medicine for Lung Diseases: Phenotypes and Precision Medicine in Cancer, Infection, and Allergy
Lung diseases cause an enormous socioeconomic burden. Four of them are among the ten most important causes of deaths worldwide: Pneumonia has the highest death toll of all infectious diseases, lung cancer kills the most people of all malignant proliferative disorders, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ranks third in mortality among the chronic noncommunicable diseases, and tuberculosis is still one of the most important chronic infectious diseases. Despite all efforts, for example, by the World Health Organization and clinical and experimental researchers, these diseases are still highly prevalent and harmful. T...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Bioinformatics - December 21, 2015 Category: Bioinformatics Source Type: news

MicroRNA-124 inhibits the progression of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats
Conclusions We found that miR-124 ameliorated AIA by suppressing critical prerequisites for arthritis development, such as RANKL and NFATc1. Thus, miR-124a is a candidate for therapeutic use for human rheumatoid arthritis.
Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - February 10, 2016 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Nakamachi, Y., Ohnuma, K., Uto, K., Noguchi, Y., Saegusa, J., Kawano, S. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Pathology, Connective tissue disease, Degenerative joint disease, Musculoskeletal syndromes, Rheumatoid arthritis Basic and translational research Source Type: research

Genome-wide expression for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: a multicohort analysis
Publication date: Available online 20 February 2016 Source:The Lancet Respiratory Medicine Author(s): Timothy E Sweeney, Lindsay Braviak, Cristina M Tato, Purvesh Khatri Background Active pulmonary tuberculosis is difficult to diagnose and treatment response is difficult to effectively monitor. A WHO consensus statement has called for new non-sputum diagnostics. The aim of this study was to use an integrated multicohort analysis of samples from publically available datasets to derive a diagnostic gene set in the peripheral blood of patients with active tuberculosis. Methods We searched two public gene expression mic...
Source: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine - February 20, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Comparative evaluation of 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate vs. 2% diltiazem ointment in treatment of chronic anal fissure treatment - a randomized trial
Conclusion Both 0.2% GTN and 2% Diltiazem ointment are equally effective in chronic anal fissure treatment in terms of symptomatic pain relief, healing and recurrence, but headache is a troublesome side effect in patients treated with glyceryl trinitrate ointment. When considering medical management of chronic anal fissure, 2% Diltiazem ointment may be preferable as first-line treatment.
Source: Hellenic Journal of Surgery - January 1, 2016 Category: Surgery Source Type: research

Environmental Pollution: An Under-recognized Threat to Children’s Health, Especially in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Conclusions Patterns of disease are changing rapidly in LMICs. Pollution-related chronic diseases are becoming more common. This shift presents a particular problem for children, who are proportionately more heavily exposed than are adults to environmental pollutants and for whom these exposures are especially dangerous. Better quantification of environmental exposures and stepped-up efforts to understand how to prevent exposures that cause disease are needed in LMICs and around the globe. To confront the global problem of disease caused by pollution, improved programs of public health monitoring and environmental protecti...
Source: EHP Research - March 1, 2016 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Web Admin Tags: Brief Communication March 2016 Source Type: research

Empirical tuberculosis therapy versus isoniazid in adult outpatients with advanced HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy (REMEMBER): a multicountry open-label randomised controlled trial
Publication date: 19–25 March 2016 Source:The Lancet, Volume 387, Issue 10024 Author(s): Mina C Hosseinipour, Gregory P Bisson, Sachiko Miyahara, Xin Sun, Agnes Moses, Cynthia Riviere, Fredrick K Kirui, Sharlaa Badal-Faesen, David Lagat, Mulinda Nyirenda, Kogieleum Naidoo, James Hakim, Peter Mugyenyi, German Henostroza, Paul D Leger, Javier R Lama, Lerato Mohapi, Jorge Alave, Vidya Mave, Valdilea G Veloso, Sandy Pillay, Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy, Jing Bao, Evelyn Hogg, Lynne Jones, Andrew Zolopa, Johnstone Kumwenda, Amita Gupta Background Mortality within the first 6 months after initiating...
Source: The Lancet - March 18, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Source Type: research

Diagnostics for pulmonary tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of human suffering and mortality despite decades of effective treatment being available. Accurate and timely diagnosis remains an unmet goal. The HIV epidemic has also led to new challenges in the diagnosis of TB. Several new developments in TB diagnostics have the potential to positively influence the global campaign against TB. We aim to review the performance of both established as well as new diagnostics for pulmonary TB in adults, and discuss the ongoing challenges.
Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal - March 21, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Cudahy, P., Shenoi, S. V. Tags: Sexual transmitted infections (viral), Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: infectious diseases, HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, Epidemiology PMJ 90th anniversary review Source Type: research