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Infectious Disease: Endemics

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Total 382 results found since Jan 2013.

Safety and tolerability of chikungunya virus-like particle vaccine in healthy adults: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial
This study represents an important step in vaccine development to combat this rapidly emerging pathogen. Further studies should be done in a larger number of participants and in more diverse populations. Funding Intramural Research Program of the Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institutes of Health.
Source: The Lancet - December 5, 2014 Category: Journals (General) Source Type: research

Pilosulins: A review of the structure and mode of action of venom peptides from an Australian ant Myrmecia pilosula.
Abstract Myrmecia pilosula is an endemic Australian ant whose sting is a frequent cause of insect allergy in southeast Australia, and several deaths due to M. pilosula sting envenomation have been documented. In this review, we discuss the composition and bioactivity of M. pilosula venom. In addition to various enzymes and pharmacologically active constituents, the venom contains four families of highly basic low molecular weight peptides trivially named Pilosulins. These peptides are unique and have low structural homology to other Hymenoptera venom peptides. Moreover, M. pilosula venom is relatively simple in...
Source: Toxicon - February 25, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Wanandy T, Gueven N, Davies NW, Brown SG, Wiese MD Tags: Toxicon Source Type: research

Clindamycin, TMP-SMX are equally effective for skin infections
Clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole are similarly safe and effective for treating uncomplicated skin infections, including both cellulitis and abscesses, in ambulatory settings in regions where MRSA is endemic, according to a report published online March 19 in the New England Journal of...
Source: Skin and Allergy News - March 18, 2015 Category: Dermatology Tags: CME-candidate EM Journals EM Clinical News EM News EM Dermatology EM Infectious Disease FPN Journals FPN News Source Type: news

Malaria Diagnosis Across the International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research: Platforms, Performance, and Standardization.
Abstract Diagnosis is "the act of identifying a disease, illness, or problem by examining someone or something." When an individual with acute fever presents for clinical attention, accurate diagnosis leading to specific, prompt treatment often saves lives. As applied to malaria, not only individual patient diagnosis is important but also assessing population-level malaria prevalence using appropriate diagnostic methods is essential for public health purposes. Similarly, identifying (diagnosing) fake antimalarial medications prevents the use of counterfeit drugs that can have disastrous effects. Therefore, accurat...
Source: Am J Trop Med Hyg - August 10, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Kobayashi T, Gamboa D, Ndiaye D, Cui L, Sutton P, Vinetz JM Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research

Endemic mycoses in patients with -mutated hyper-IgE (Job) syndrome
STAT3-mutated hyper-IgE (Job) syndrome (STAT3 HIES) is characterized by highly elevated serum IgE level, recurrent episodes of pneumonia, eczema, skin abscesses, mucocutaneous candidiasis, and dental, vascular, and skeletal abnormalities.1 STAT3 also promotes CD4 TH17 differentiation and expression of the associated cytokines IL17 and IL22.2 TH17 cells are believed to enhance mucosal immunity through antimicrobial peptides, impairment of which may explain the typical epithelial infections in patients with STAT3 HIES.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - August 17, 2015 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Camila D. Odio, Ki Lee Milligan, Katherine McGowan, Amanda K. Rudman Spergel, Rachel Bishop, Lisa Boris, Amanda Urban, Pamela Welch, Theo Heller, David Kleiner, Mary Anne Jackson, Steven M. Holland, Alexandra F. Freeman Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Vaccines Comprising Sand Fly Salivary Proteins for Control of Leishmania Infection
This invention relates to the use of several peptides from the salivary glands of various sand fly species for the control of leishmania infection. Many of these peptides were shown to be effective in eliciting potent immune responses in animal models and are excellent candidates for the development of vaccines against the disease. A vaccine comprising one of the peptides was used to protect mice challenged with parasites and salivary gland homogenates. A DNA vaccine containing the cDNA for this same peptide also provided protection that lasted at least 3 months after immunization and produced both intense humoral and dela...
Source: NIH OTT Licensing Opportunities - November 1, 2003 Category: Research Authors: admin Source Type: research

Infections from endemic fungi, mycobacteria rare in patients on TNFIs
The development of infections from mycobacteria and fungi endemic to U.S. regions in patients taking tumor necrosis factor–alpha inhibitors (TNFIs) is rare and is not influenced by prescreening of targeted infections, research suggests. A case-control study of 30,772 patients taking TNFIs showed...
Source: Skin and Allergy News - October 22, 2015 Category: Dermatology Source Type: news

The immunogenicity of tetravalent dengue DNA vaccine in mice pre-exposed to Japanese encephalitis or Dengue virus antigens
Conclusions: Priming with JEV vaccines did not impact on dengue virus-specific neutralizing antibody response to a dengue TDNA vaccine candidate in mice. 
Source: Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and Immunology - July 12, 2015 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Analysis of IgE binding patterns to house dust mite allergens in scabies‐endemic communities: insights for both diseases
Source: Clinical and Experimental Allergy - November 19, 2015 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: S. F. Walton, A. Slender, S. Pizutto, K.E. Mounsey, F. Opresecu, W. R. Thomas, B. J. Hales, B. J. Currie Tags: Research Letter Source Type: research

A case of rib tuberculosis and chest wall abscess with multi-drug hypersensitivity reactions.
In this report, we present an 85-year-old male patient desensitized due to the development of allergy against multi-drugs with rib tuberculosis and chest wall abscess to whom, culture, drug susceptibility and genotypical tests were applied. In November 2012, the patient applied to a medical center with complaints of swelling and pain under the right rib, underwent rib resection and eventually diagnosed as rib TB by histopathological examination. However, the anti-TB treatment was discontinued due to the hypersensitivity reactions in the skin and in addition to the hepatic and renal dysfunction side effects. The patient had...
Source: Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni - December 2, 2015 Category: Microbiology Tags: Mikrobiyol Bul Source Type: research

Mass drug administration controls scabies in endemic areas
Mass drug administration, particularly with ivermectin, controls scabies and its burdensome complications in endemic regions of the world, according to a report published online Dec. 10 in the New England Journal of Medicine. Scabies, a skin condition caused by a microscopic mite and transmitted...
Source: Skin and Allergy News - December 9, 2015 Category: Dermatology Source Type: news

Viral Like Particles Based Chikungunya Vaccines
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is mosquito-borne alphavirus endemic in Africa, India, and Southeast Asia. In 2013 CHIKV infection has also emerged in the Caribbean and a pandemic of CHIKV has re-emerged in the Philippines following Typhoon Haiyan. Currently, there is no vaccine available for the prevention of CHIKV infection and no specific therapy exists to treat the illness. Researchers at the Vaccine Research Center (VRC) of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) have developed a CHIKV Viral Like Particle (CHIKV VLP) vaccine based on plasmid expression vectors encoding structural proteins of the CH...
Source: NIH OTT Licensing Opportunities - December 17, 2015 Category: Research Authors: admin Source Type: research

Analysis of IgE binding patterns to house dust mite allergens in scabies‐endemic communities: insights for both diseases
Source: Clinical and Experimental Allergy - February 24, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: S. F. Walton, A. Slender, S. Pizutto, K. E. Mounsey, F. Oprescu, W. R. Thomas, B. J. Hales, B. J. Currie Tags: Corrigendum Source Type: research

Evaluation of bacterial transmission to the paranasal sinuses through sinus irrigation
ConclusionThe current study suggests that irrigation plays little role in establishing the sinus microbiome. Although rinsing with tap water may never be formally recommended, these data are useful to counsel patients who prefer to do so in non‐endemic areas if the municipal water supply is appropriately treated.
Source: International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology - March 17, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Leah J. Hauser, Diana Ir, Todd T. Kingdom, Charles E. Robertson, Daniel N. Frank, Vijay R. Ramakrishnan Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Visceral leishmaniasis: a forgotten epidemic
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL or kala-azar) is most endemic in Asia and Africa and commonly affects young children. It is usually caused by Leishmania donovani or Leishmania infantum that are transmitted by Phlebotomine sand flies. Transmission may be anthroponotic or zoonotic or both, depending on the endemic area. Clinical features include fever, hepatosplenomegaly, weight loss and pancytopenia. Younger age, malnutrition and immunosuppression (HIV infection, use of immunosuppressive drugs) are risk factors. Many infections remain asymptomatic. Diagnosis is made by demonstration of the Leishmania parasite in aspirates of lym...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - May 17, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Zijlstra, E. E. Tags: Oncology, Immunology (including allergy), ADC Global child health, HIV/AIDS, Travel medicine, Tropical medicine (infectious diseases), Child health, Sexual health Source Type: research