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Cell-Based Therapies for Stroke: Promising Solution or Dead End? Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Comorbidities in Preclinical Stroke Research
Conclusion The high prevalence of comorbidities in patients with stroke indicates the need for therapies in preclinical studies that take into account these comorbidities in order to avoid failures in translation to the patient. Preclinical studies are beginning to evaluate the efficacy of MSC treatment in stroke associated with comorbidities, especially hypertension, for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Regarding aging and diabetes, only ischemic stroke studies have been performed. For the moment, few studies have been performed and contradictory results are being reported. These contradictory results may be due to the u...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 8, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Age- and Sex-Associated Impacts of Body Mass Index on Stroke Type Risk: A 27-Year Prospective Cohort Study in a Low-Income Population in China
Conclusions Being overweight increased the risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes; obesity was only associated with an increased risk of IS. Additionally, the positive association between BMI and stroke risk was only observed in participants aged <65 years and the associations differed between men and women. Being overweight increased the risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes in men and being underweight increased their risk of hemorrhagic stroke. In women, being overweight increased the hemorrhagic stroke risk, whereas obesity increased their IS risks. The high prevalence of hypertension and elevat...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 30, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

1H NMR-Based Metabolomics Reveals Refined-Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction (BBG) as a Potential Ischemic Stroke Treatment Drug With Efficacy and a Favorable Therapeutic Window
This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of Animal Ethics Committee of China Pharmaceutical University. The protocol was approved by Animal Ethics Committee of China Pharmaceutical University. Author Contributions JW, MY, and LK conceived the experiments and helped to coordinate support and funding. XF performed the research and drafted the manuscript. SL, YL, and DX participated in the experiments. JW analyzed the data and edited the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Conflict of Interest Statement The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of an...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Heterogeneity of B  Cell Functions in Stroke-Related Risk, Prevention, Injury, and Repair
AbstractIt is well established that post-stroke inflammation contributes to neurovascular injury, blood –brain barrier disruption, and poor functional recovery in both animal and clinical studies. However, recent studies also suggest that several leukocyte subsets, activated during the post-stroke immune response, can exhibit both pro-injury and pro-recovery phenotypes. In accordance with these find ings, B lymphocytes, or B cells, play a heterogeneous role in the adaptive immune response to stroke. This review highlights what is currently understood about the various roles of B cells, with an emphasis on stroke risk fac...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - August 3, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Preoperative risk factor analysis of postoperative stroke after Cox-maze procedure with mitral valve repair
Conclusions: In the group of patients who underwent the Cox-Maze procedure with mitral valve repair, having a stroke history was the only preoperative risk factor that could lead to a stroke event after surgery. Accordingly, patients with affliction of ischemic stroke, albeit sustained sinus rhythm, may require prophylactic anticoagulation.
Source: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders - September 11, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Jun Seok KimSong Am LeeJae Bum ParkHyun Keun CheeJin Woo Chung Source Type: research

Stroke and the neurovascular unit: glial cells, sex differences and hypertension.
Abstract A functional neurovascular unit (NVU) is central to meeting the brain's dynamic metabolic needs. Post-stroke damage to the NVU within the ipsilateral hemisphere ranges from cell dysfunction to complete cell loss. Thus, understanding post-stroke cell-cell communication within the NVU is of critical importance. Loss of coordinated NVU function exacerbates ischemic injury. However, particular cells of the NVU (e.g., astrocytes) and those with ancillary roles (e.g., microglia) also contribute to repair mechanisms. Epidemiological studies support the notion that infarct size and recovery outcomes are heterogen...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - January 2, 2019 Category: Cytology Authors: Morrison HW, Filosa JA Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Pivotal neuroinflammatory and therapeutic role of high mobility group box 1 in ischemic stroke.
Abstract Stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Stroke is a frequent and severe neurovascular disorder. The main cause of stroke is atherosclerosis, and the most common risk factor for atherosclerosis is hypertension. Therefore, prevention and treatment of stroke are crucial issues in humans. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is non-histone nuclear protein that is currently one of the crucial pro-inflammatory alarmin in ischemic stroke (IS). It is instantly released from necrotic cells in the ischemic core and activates an early inflammatory response. HMGB1 may signal via its putative recep...
Source: Bioscience Reports - October 20, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Richard SA, Sackey M, Su Z, Xu H Tags: Biosci Rep Source Type: research

Gut microbiome plays a vital role in post-stroke injury repair by mediating neuroinflammation
In this study, we reviewed the role of the gut microbiome in cerebral stroke and the underlying mechanism of the AMPK signaling pathway in stroke. AMPK mediators in nerve repair and the regulation of intestinal microbial balance were also summarized.PMID:37031605 | DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110126
Source: International Immunopharmacology - April 9, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Airu Huang Ling Ji Yamei Li Yufeng Li Qian Yu Source Type: research

Role of IL-17A in different stages of ischemic stroke
Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Apr;117:109926. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109926. Epub 2023 Mar 11.ABSTRACTInterleukin-17A (IL-17A) plays an important role in the progression of ischemic stroke. IL-17A mediates the endothelial inflammatory response, promotes water and sodium retention, and changes the electrophysiological structure of the atrium, accelerating the progression of ischemic stroke risk factors such as atherosclerotic plaques, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation. In the acute phase of ischemic stroke, IL-17A mediates neuronal injury through neutrophil chemotaxis to the site of injury, the induction of neuronal apo...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - April 4, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Xiuping Chen Yi Zhang Qian Ding Yanru He Hui Li Source Type: research

Temporary oral anticoagulation after MitraClip - a strategy to lower the incidence of post-procedural stroke?
CONCLUSIONS: Temporary oral anticoagulation might be a strategy to reduce the incidence of stroke within the first 30 days after the MitraClip procedure. Bleeding events were not significantly altered due to temporary oral anticoagulation. PMID: 30650019 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Acta Cardiologica - January 18, 2019 Category: Cardiology Tags: Acta Cardiol Source Type: research

Endothelial Progenitor Cells: Therapeutic Perspective for Ischemic Stroke.
Abstract Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which can be cultured in vitro from mononuclear cells in peripheral blood or bone marrow, express both hematopoietic stem cell and endothelial cell markers on their surface. They are believed to participate in endothelial repair and postnatal angiogenesis due to their abilities of differentiating into endothelial cells and secreting protective cytokines and growth factors. Mounting evidence suggests that circulating EPCs are reduced and dysfunctional in various diseases including hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and ischemic stroke. Therefore, EPCs have ...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - December 11, 2012 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhao YH, Yuan B, Chen J, Feng DH, Zhao B, Qin C, Chen YF Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: research

Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells decreases oxidative stress, apoptosis and hippocampal damage in brain of a spontaneously stroke model.
Abstract Stroke is the most common cause of motor disabilities and is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Adult stem cells have been shown to be effective against neuronal degeneration through mechanisms that include both the recovery of neurotransmitter activity and a decrease in apoptosis and oxidative stress. We chose the lineage Stroke Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHRSP) as a model for stem cells therapy. SHRSP can develop such severe hypertension that they generally suffer a stroke at approximately one year of age. The aims of this study were to evaluate whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) decreas...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - February 10, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Longoni Calió M, Sousa Marinho D, Mi Ko G, Rodrigues R, Ferraz Carbonel A, Missae Oyama L, Ormanji M, Pinoti Guirao T, Luiz Calió P, Aparecida Reis L, de Jesus Simões M, Lisboa do Nascimento T, Teixeira Ferreira A, Rejane Antônio Bertoncini C Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

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