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Comparison of Stroke Risk Factors Between Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Patients in a North American Moyamoya Disease Cohort
Conclusions: No significant differences in the prevalence of stroke risk factors between MMD cohorts was found, corroborating evidence provided in a recent Japanese-based study. There were no apparent associations between s troke risk factors and interval cerebrovascular events in an asymptomatic group of MMD patients.
Source: Cerebrovascular Diseases Extra - May 19, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cerebrovascular Risk Profiles in a Saudi Arabian Cohort of Young Stroke Patients
Conclusion: Cerebrovascular risk profiles and stroke etiologies in our cohort of young stroke patients differ from those of previous cohorts, suggesting the need for tailored prevention strategies that take into account local epidemiological data on cerebrovascular health.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - November 12, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Impact of Race-Ethnic and Economic Disparities on Rates of Vascular Dementia in the National Inpatient Sample Database from 2006-2014
We have previously reported regional differences in the rates of vascular dementia (VD) in the United States (US), with the West having lower rates of VD diagnosis found in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database. We aimed to determine if these regional differences were associated with race-ethnic disparities in economic status or prevalence of the stroke risk factors hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - April 16, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Alexis Netis Simpkins Tags: Poster 10 Source Type: research

Embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) cohort of Brazilian patients in a university hospital
ABSTRACT Embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) is an important group of cryptogenic strokes that are in evidence due recent ongoing trials. We reviewed medical records at discharge from the stroke unit of all patients who met ESUS criteria and attended our institution between February 2016 and July 2017. Among 550 stroke patients, 51 had ESUS. We found that hypertension (60%), diabetes mellitus (34%), and smoking (36%) were the most prevalent risk factors. The mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores were 7 at admission and 4 at discharge, while median scores on the modified Rankin scale were 0...
Source: Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria - June 10, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Age- and Sex-Associated Impacts of Body Mass Index on Stroke Type Risk: A 27-Year Prospective Cohort Study in a Low-Income Population in China
Conclusions Being overweight increased the risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes; obesity was only associated with an increased risk of IS. Additionally, the positive association between BMI and stroke risk was only observed in participants aged <65 years and the associations differed between men and women. Being overweight increased the risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes in men and being underweight increased their risk of hemorrhagic stroke. In women, being overweight increased the hemorrhagic stroke risk, whereas obesity increased their IS risks. The high prevalence of hypertension and elevat...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 30, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Decreased CSF Levels of ß-Amyloid in Patients With Cortical Superficial Siderosis
Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the presence and extent of cSS are associated with reduced CSF ß-amyloid 42 levels. Further studies are needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of this association. Introduction Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)—characterized by the deposition of ß-amyloid in the walls of leptomeningeal vessels—is a common cerebral small vessel disease and a major cause of intracerebral hemorrhage in the elderly (1–3). Furthermore, it has become evident that CAA is associated with cognitive impairment (4). Specifically, it has been shown that ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Hemodynamic Characteristics Associated With Paraclinoid Aneurysm Recurrence in Patients After Embolization
Conclusions: High peak systolic WSS, OSI and velocity around aneurysm neck areas after embolization of paraclinoidal aneurysms may be important factors leading to recurrence. Introduction Paraclinoid aneurysms are defined as aneurysms arising from the segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) between the distal dural ring and the origin of the posterior communicating artery. They account for approximately 1.3–5% of all intracranial aneurysms and they comprise the majority of such aneurysms in females (1–3). Hemodynamic characteristics are thought to be the most important risk factors for occurrence...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 24, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

World-Wide Efficacy of Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Preclinical Ischemic Stroke Models: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Conclusions: Our results show worldwide efficacy of BM-MSCs in improving functional outcomes in pre-clinical animal models of stroke and support testing these cells in clinical trials in various ranges of time windows using different delivery routes. The continued growing number of publications showing functional benefit of BM-MSCs are now adding limited value to an oversaturated literature spanning 18 years. Researchers should focus on identifying definitive mechanisms on how BM-MSCs lead to benefit in stroke models. Introduction Ischemic stroke is the 5th leading cause of death and the leading cause of long term di...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Combination of Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sedation
Conclusions: The efficacy of DEX–KET sedation was comparable to that of midazolam for MRI examination. DEX–KET was related to shorter scan time and lower occurrence of complications compared to midazolam. Introduction Neurocritically ill patients often require brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in addition to conventional neurological evaluations. Brain MRI can reveal structural lesions with a high sensitivity due to its excellent spatial resolution and enhanced soft tissue contrast (1–3). To acquire MRI images, patients' cooperation is imperative. However, keeping patients with ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis Is Associated With Circadian and Other Variability in Embolus Detection
Conclusions: Embolism associated with asymptomatic carotid stenosis shows circadian variation with highest rates 4–6 h before midday. This corresponds with peak circadian incidence of stroke and other vascular complications. These and ASED Study results show that monitoring frequency, duration, and time of day are important in ES detection. Introduction Transcranial Doppler (TCD) detected microembolism in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) may help stratify the risk of stroke and other arterial disease complications in persons with advanced (≥60%) asymptomatic carotid stenosis. If so, this t...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 15, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Characterizing the Penumbras of White Matter Hyperintensities and Their Associations With Cognitive Function in Patients With Subcortical Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment
Conclusion In this study, reduced CBF and FA and increased MD in the inner NAWM layers for both PVWMH and DWMH suggested extensive WM alterations beyond the visible WM lesions commonly observed on clinical MRI of svMCI subjects. CBF penumbras cover more extensive WM at risk than DTI penumbras, suggesting the likelihood that compromised CBF precedes white matter integrity changes, and CBF penumbras may be a potential target for the prevention of further microstructural white matter damage. The imaging parameters investigated, however, did not correlate to cognition. Author Contributions YZ, QX, and XG conceived and desig...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 11, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Pre-injury Comorbidities Are Associated With Functional Impairment and Post-concussive Symptoms at 3- and 6-Months After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A TRACK-TBI Study
Conclusions: Pre-injury psychiatric and pre-injury headache/migraine symptoms are risk factors for worse functional and post-concussive outcomes at 3- and 6-months post-mTBI. mTBI patients presenting to acute care should be evaluated for psychiatric and headache/migraine history, with lower thresholds for providing TBI education/resources, surveillance, and follow-up/referrals. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01565551. Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In 2013 ~2.8 million TBI cases were recorded an...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 8, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Increasing prevalence of vascular risk factors in patients with stroke: A call to action
Conclusions: Despite numerous guidelines and prevention initiatives, prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, and drug abuse in AIS increased across the 2004–2014 period. Proportion of patients with carotid stenosis, CRF, and multiple risk factors also increased. Enhanced risk factor modification strategies and implementation of evidence-based recommendations are needed for optimal stroke prevention.
Source: Neurology - November 6, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Otite, F. O., Liaw, N., Khandelwal, P., Malik, A. M., Romano, J. G., Rundek, T., Sacco, R. L., Chaturvedi, S. Tags: Stroke prevention, Embolism, Prevalence studies, Risk factors in epidemiology, Infarction ARTICLE Source Type: research

Smoking cessation and secondary stroke prevention
The 7 million adult stroke survivors in the United States remain at high risk for a recurrent stroke. The increased morbidity and cost associated with recurrent stroke, in addition to the 5% to 20% yearly stroke recurrence, support the need for additional investigations into secondary stroke prevention.1,2 Stroke prevention guidelines, whether primary or secondary, focus on risk factor control of modifiable risk factors. The American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines for secondary stroke prevention indicate evidence-based risk factor control, interventional approaches, and treatment options as approa...
Source: Neurology - October 16, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Boehme, A. Tags: EDITORIALS Source Type: research

Race-Ethnic Disparities in Cardiometabolic Risk Profiles among Stroke Survivors with Undiagnosed Diabetes and Prediabetes in the United States
Up to 25% of the U.S. population has undiagnosed diabetes. Diabetes and stroke both disproportionately afflict race/ethnic minorities. We assessed race/ethnic differences in the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes, prediabetes, and cardiometabolic risk profiles among stroke survivors in the United States.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - August 10, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Okkyung Kim, Bruce Ovbiagele, Natalie Valle, Daniela Markovic, Amytis Towfighi Source Type: research