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Condition: Diabetes

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Total 1499 results found since Jan 2013.

High Glucose Alters Cx43 Expression and Gap Junction Intercellular Communication in Retinal Muller Cells: Promotes Muller Cell and Pericyte Apoptosis Retinal Cell Biology
Conclusions. Gap junction communication between Müller cells and pericytes is essential for their survival. Downregulation of Cx43 that is HG induced and impairment of GJIC activity in Müller cells contributes to loss of glial and vascular cells associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - July 14, 2014 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Muto, T., Tien, T., Kim, D., Sarthy, V. P., Roy, S. Tags: Retinal Cell Biology Source Type: research

Islet neogenesis-associated protein (INGAP): The role of its endogenous production as a positive modulator of insulin secretion.
Abstract Islet neogenesis-associated protein (INGAP) is a peptide found in pancreatic exocrine-, duct- and islet- non-β-cells from normal hamsters. Its increase induced by either its exogenous administration or by the overexpression of its gene enhances β-cell secretory function and increases β-cell mass by a combination of stimulation of cell replication and islet neogenesis and reduction of β-cell apoptosis. We studied the potential modulatory role of endogenous INGAP in insulin secretion using two different experimental approaches. Hamster islets transfected with INGAP-small interfering RNA (INGAP-siRNA) we...
Source: Regulatory Peptides - August 23, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Flores LE, Del Zotto H, Fragapane F, Maiztegui B, Román CL, Boschero AC, Gagliardino JJ Tags: Regul Pept Source Type: research

Selective inhibition of sphingosine kinase-1 protects adipose tissue against LPS-induced inflammatory response in Zucker diabetic fatty rats
The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether the enzyme sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1) would modulate the expression of CCL5 and other inflammatory biomarkers in primary adipocytes and its potential role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AT inflammation in a rat model of diabetes. To address this, LPS-stimulated primary adipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells were treated with a SK inhibitor, and the expression of Ccl5 and other CC chemokines were studied. Moreover, the effect of SK1 knockdown on cytokine production was analyzed in 3T3-L1 cells by transfection of SK1-specific small-interfering RNA (siRNA). The anti-inflamm...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - September 1, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Tous, M., Ferrer-Lorente, R., Badimon, L. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Matrix metalloproteinase 9-mediated shedding of syndecan 4 in response to tumor necrosis factor {alpha}: a contributor to endothelial cell glycocalyx dysfunction Research Communications
The endothelial surface glycocalyx is a hydrated mesh in which proteoglycans are prominent. It is damaged in diseases associated with elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). We investigated the mechanism of TNF-α-induced disruption of the glomerular endothelial glycocalyx. We used conditionally immortalized human glomerular endothelial cells (GEnCs), quantitative PCR arrays, Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and dot blots to examine the effects of TNF-α. TNF-α induced syndecan 4 (SDC4) mRNA up-regulation by 2.5-fold, whereas cell surface SDC4 and heparan su...
Source: FASEB Journal - October 30, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Ramnath, R., Foster, R. R., Qiu, Y., Cope, G., Butler, M. J., Salmon, A. H., Mathieson, P. W., Coward, R. J., Welsh, G. I., Satchell, S. C. Tags: Research Communications Source Type: research

Exenatide can inhibit calcification of human VSMCs through the NF-kappaB/RANKL signaling pathway
Conclusion: GLP-1RA exenatide can inhibit human VSMCs calcification through NF-?B/ RANKL signaling.
Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology - November 19, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Jun-Kun ZhanPan TanYan-Jiao WangYi WangJieyu HeZhi-Yong TangWu HuangYou-Shuo Liu Source Type: research

Epigenetic Modifications of Keap1 Regulate Its Interaction With the Protective Factor Nrf2 in the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy Retinal Cell Biology
Conclusions. Epigenetic modifications at Keap1 promoter by SetD7 facilitate its binding with Sp1, increasing its expression. Keap1 restrains Nrf2 in the cytosol, impairing its transcriptional activity. Reversal of hyperglycemia fails to provide any benefit to epigenetic modifications of Keap1 promoter, suggesting their role in both the development of diabetic retinopathy and the metabolic memory phenomenon.
Source: Investigative Ophthalmology - November 13, 2014 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Mishra, M., Zhong, Q., Kowluru, R. A. Tags: Retinal Cell Biology Source Type: research

Application of RNA interference to improve mechanistic understanding of omics responses to a hepatotoxic drug in primary rat hepatocytes.
Abstract Inhibition of the glucagon receptor (GCGR) has been identified as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, a small molecule drug candidate antagonizing GCGR (BAY16) failed during preclinical drug development, in part due to drug induced hepatotoxicity in animals. Since there is evidence to suggest that endogenous GCGR signaling might be important for hepatocyte survival, we hypothesized that on-target effects, i.e., modulation of GCGR activity by BAY16, may contribute to BAY16 hepatotoxicity and associated gene expression changes in rats. To understand the role of GC...
Source: Toxicology - October 22, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Adler M, Leich E, Ellinger-Ziegelbauer H, Hewitt P, Dekant W, Rosenwald A, Mally A Tags: Toxicology Source Type: research

Myricetin inhibits advanced glycation end product (AGE)-induced migration of retinal pericytes through phosphorylation of ERK1/2, FAK-1, and paxillin in vitro and in vivo.
In this study, we investigated the pathological mechanisms of AGE on the migration of retinal pericytes and confirmed the inhibitory effect of myricetin on migration in vitro and in vivo. Migration assays of bovine retinal pericytes (BRP) were induced using AGE-BSA and phosphorylation of Src, ERK1/2, focal adhesion kinase (FAK-1) and paxillin were determined using immunoblot analysis. Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old) were injected intravitreally with AGE-BSA and morphological and immunohistochemical analysis of p-FAK-1 and p-paxillin were performed in the rat retina. Immunoblot analysis and siRNA transfection were used to...
Source: Biochemical Pharmacology - October 22, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Kim YS, Kim J, Kim KM, Jung DH, Choi S, Kim CS, Kim JS Tags: Biochem Pharmacol Source Type: research

Dihydromyricetin improves skeletal muscle insulin resistance by inducing autophagy via the AMPK signaling pathway
In conclusion, DHM improved SMIR by inducing autophagy via the activation of AMPK signaling pathway.
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - March 20, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

The Role of Maternal Gestational Diabetes in Inducing Fetal Endothelial Dysfunction
This study examines the effect of maternal diabetes on fetal endothelial function and gene expression under physiological glucose conditions (5mM). Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) isolated from diabetic mothers (d.HUVEC) grew more slowly than HUVEC isolated from healthy mothers (c.HUVEC) and had delayed doubling time despite increased levels of total vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and protein production as determined by real time PCR and ELISA respectively. Using western blot, the levels of antiproliferative VEGF165b isoform were increased in d.HUVEC relative to c.HUVEC. Successful VEGF1...
Source: Journal of Cellular Physiology - March 24, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Samar A Sultan, Wanting Liu, Yonghong Peng, W. Roberts, Donald Whitelaw, Anne M Graham Tags: Original Research Article Source Type: research

Diabetic neuropathy and the sensory neuron: new molecular targets (P2.010)
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the increase of CWC22 and CBs expression might reflect an aberrant mRNA splicing demand in experimental diabetic neuropathy whereas loss of SMN may lead to sensory neuron degeneration. Taken together, our findings identify novel degenerative mechanisms that include two new molecular targets relevant to diabetic neuropathy. Supported by: CDA, CIHR, Denyse Lajoie-Lake fellowship.Disclosure: Dr. Kobayashi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cheng has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cristiane has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zochodne has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Kobayashi, M., Cheng, C., de la Hoz, C., Zochodne, D. Tags: Neuromuscular and Clinical Neurophysiology (EMG): Genetics Poster Discussion Session Source Type: research

Heme oxygenase-1 enhances autophagy in podocytes as a protective mechanism against High glucose-induced apoptosis.
Abstract Injury and loss of podocytes play vital roles in diabetic nephropathy progression. Emerging evidence suggests autophagy, which is induced by multiple stressors including hyperglycemia, plays a protective role. Meanwhile, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) possesses powerful anti-apoptotic properties. Therefore, we investigated the impact of autophagy on podocyte apoptosis under diabetic conditions and its association with HO-1. Mouse podocytes were cultured in vitro; apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Transmission electron microscopy and biochemical autophagic flux assays were used to measure the autophagy ma...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - April 13, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Dong C, Zheng H, Huang S, You N, Xu J, Ye X, Zhu Q, Feng Y, You Q, Miao H, Ding D, Lu Y Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Tadalafil Integrates NO and H2S Signaling Signal Transduction
Diabetes-induced kidney cell injury involves an increase in matrix protein expression that is only partly alleviated by current treatment, prompting a search for new modalities. We have previously shown that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) inhibits high glucose-induced protein synthesis in kidney podocytes. We tested whether tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor used to treat erectile dysfunction, ameliorates high glucose stimulation of matrix proteins by generating H2S in podocytes. Tadalafil abrogated high glucose stimulation of global protein synthesis and matrix protein laminin γ1. Tadalafil inhibited high glucose-induced...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - May 7, 2015 Category: Chemistry Authors: Lee, H. J., Feliers, D., Mariappan, M. M., Sataranatarajan, K., Choudhury, G. G., Gorin, Y., Kasinath, B. S. Tags: Glycobiology and Extracellular Matrices Source Type: research

PKC{varepsilon}-CREB-Nrf2 signalling induces HO-1 in the vascular endothelium and enhances resistance to inflammation and apoptosis
Conclusions PKC activity in the vascular endothelium regulates HO-1 via a pathway requiring CREB1 and Nrf2. Given the potent protective actions of HO-1, we propose that this mechanism is an important contributor to the emerging role of PKC in the maintenance of endothelial homeostasis and resistance to injury.
Source: Cardiovascular Research - May 14, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Mylroie, H., Dumont, O., Bauer, A., Thornton, C. C., Mackey, J., Calay, D., Hamdulay, S. S., Choo, J. R., Boyle, J. J., Samarel, A. M., Randi, A. M., Evans, P. C., Mason, J. C. Tags: Vascular biology Source Type: research