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Condition: Brain Tumor

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Total 780 results found since Jan 2013.

Central sleep apnea in a patient with dengue encephalitis
We report for the first time a case of Central sleep apnea in a patient with dengue encephalopathy. This is a case report of a 50 year old male who had presented with fever, body ache, headache and altered mental status. A diagnosis of dengue fever was made on the basis of IgM antibodies in serum and encephalopathy was attributed to dengue encephalitis in the absence of another etiological cause of encephalopathy. Persistent hyper somnolence and desaturation despite resolution of fever led to a polysomnographic evaluation, which revealed significant central sleep apnea. Hypersomnia, a primary complaint of excessive sleepin...
Source: Apollo Medicine - March 5, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Source Type: research

Temozolomide in low-grade gliomas: living longer and better
Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) account for about a third of gliomas overall and 15% of all primary brain tumours. In adults, the majority of LGGs are WHO Grade II astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas, which differ in molecular fingerprints and median survival, but share a propensity to malignant transformation after a number of years. Up to 90% of LGGs present with seizures and epilepsy may be the only symptom for many years, significantly impairing quality of life and impacting on social and professional functioning.1 In about 50% of cases, the epilepsy is refractory to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) with a quarter of patients requi...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - March 13, 2015 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Rees, J. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Epilepsy and seizures, Neurooncology, Stroke, CNS cancer, Radiology, Surgical oncology Editorial commentaries Source Type: research

Seizure reduction in a low-grade glioma: more than a beneficial side effect of temozolomide
Conclusions TMZ may contribute to an important reduction in seizure frequency in patients with LGG. Seizure reduction following TMZ treatment has prognostic significance and may serve as an important clinical outcome measure in patients with LGG.
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - March 13, 2015 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Koekkoek, J. A. F., Dirven, L., Heimans, J. J., Postma, T. J., Vos, M. J., Reijneveld, J. C., Taphoorn, M. J. B. Tags: Epilepsy and seizures, Neurooncology, Stroke, CNS cancer Neuro-oncology Source Type: research

Effect of Electrical Stimulation of the Suprahyoid Muscles in Brain-Injured Patients with Dysphagia
Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the suprahyoid muscle is effective compared to that of the infrahyoid muscle in brain-injured patients with dysphagia. A total of 132 patients with stroke, traumatic brain injury, or brain tumor in 2 university hospitals were allocated to 2 groups: those who received electrical stimulation therapy (EST) on the suprahyoid muscles (SM group, n = 66) and those who received EST with one pair of electrodes on the suprahyoid muscle and the other pair on the infrahyoid muscle (SI group, n = 66). Patients received 11.2 ...
Source: Dysphagia - April 27, 2015 Category: Speech Therapy Source Type: research

Study points to possible treatment for lethal pediatric brain cancer
(NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) Using brain tumor samples collected from children in the United States and Europe, an international team of scientists found that the drug panobinostat and similar gene regulating drugs may be effective at treating diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas, an aggressive and lethal form of pediatric cancer.
Source: EurekAlert! - Cancer - May 4, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: news

Calcification in high grade gliomas treated with bevacizumab
Abstract Calcification is a rare phenomenon in high grade glioma (HGG). CT scans are sensitive to mineralization but used infrequently for tumor assessment in the MRI era. The presence of calcification can be overlooked on routine MRI. Calcification may reflect chronicity and natural changes in the tumor or its milieu over time and may be accelerated by certain treatments. Calcification may have clinical significance which could signal potential risk for stroke or hemorrhage related to particular therapies; or it may be a positive prognostic factor for treatment response. The true incidence and relevance of calcif...
Source: Journal of Neuro-Oncology - May 5, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

The crucial role of mast cells in blood-brain barrier alterations.
Abstract Mast cells are critical regulators of the pathogenesis of central nervous system diseases, including stroke, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic brain injury, and brain tumors. Here, we have summarized the literature data concerning the involvement of mast cells in blood-brain barrier alterations, and we have suggested a possible role of angiogenic mediators stored in mast cell granules in the vasoproliferative reactions occurring in these pathological conditions. It is conceivable to hypothesize that mast cells might be regarded in a future perspective as a new target for the adjuvant treatment of neurodeg...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - May 21, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Ribatti D Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Quantitative sodium MRI of the human brain at 9.4 T provides assessment of tissue sodium concentration and cell volume fraction during normal aging
Sodium ion homeostasis is a fundamental property of viable tissue, allowing the tissue sodium concentration to be modeled as the tissue cell volume fraction. The modern neuropathology literature using ex vivo tissue from selected brain regions indicates that human brain cell density remains constant during normal aging and attributes the volume loss that occurs with advancing age to changes in neuronal size and dendritic arborization. Quantitative sodium MRI performed with the enhanced sensitivity of ultrahigh‐field 9.4 T has been used to investigate tissue cell volume fraction during normal aging. This cross‐section...
Source: NMR in Biomedicine - June 9, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Keith Thulborn, Elaine Lui, Jonathan Guntin, Saad Jamil, Ziqi Sun, Theodore C. Claiborne, Ian C. Atkinson Tags: Special issue research article Source Type: research

Normal neuronal firing may spark brain tumor growth
Using human brain tumor samples, scientists have discovered that normal patterns of nerve cell firing may enhance the growth of cancer cells. They also found that, neuroligin-3 (NLGN3), a gene known to be important for brain cell communication, may influence tumor growth and patient survival, making it a potential new target for therapy. The study, published in Cell, was partially funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
Source: NINDS Press Releases and News: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - June 16, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: news

A Vascular Perspective On Neuronal Migration
Publication date: Available online 17 July 2015 Source:Mechanisms of Development Author(s): Marta Segarra, Bettina C. Kirchmaier, Amparo Acker-Palmer During CNS development and adult neurogenesis, immature neurons travel from the germinal zones towards their final destination using cellular substrates for their migration. Classically, radial glia and neuronal axons have been shown to act as physical scaffolds to support neuroblast locomotion in processes known as gliophilic and neurophilic migration, respectively (Hatten, 1999; Marin and Rubenstein, 2003; Rakic, 2003). In adulthood, long distance neuronal migration oc...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - July 17, 2015 Category: Biology Source Type: research

Magnetic resonance susceptibility weighted imaging in neurosurgery: current applications and future perspectives.
Abstract Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is a relatively new imaging technique. Its high sensitivity to hemorrhagic components and ability to depict microvasculature by means of susceptibility effects within the veins allow for the accurate detection, grading, and monitoring of brain tumors. This imaging modality can also detect changes in blood flow to monitor stroke recovery and reveal specific subtypes of vascular malformations. In addition, small punctate lesions can be demonstrated with SWI, suggesting diffuse axonal injury, and the location of these lesions can help predict neurological outcome in pati...
Source: Journal of Neurosurgery - July 24, 2015 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Di Ieva A, Lam T, Alcaide-Leon P, Bharatha A, Montanera W, Cusimano MD Tags: J Neurosurg Source Type: research

E-011 the key role of the blood-brain barrier in the endovascular treatment of brain tumors and how to by-pass it: new methods
ConclusionIA chemotherapy has been reported to be a promising new therapy; clinical studies are necessary to correlate this technique to the new ways of altering the BBB. Furthermore, these new methods could also be used in future scenarios before infusion of stem cells after stroke or brain trauma.DisclosuresS. Peschillo: 2; C; Penumbra. F. Diana: None.
Source: Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery - July 26, 2015 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Peschillo, S., Diana, F. Tags: SNIS 12th Annual Meeting Electronic Poster Abstracts Source Type: research

A neuroradiologist’s guide to arterial spin labeling MRI in clinical practice
Abstract Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a non-invasive MRI technique to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF). This review provides a practical guide and overview of the clinical applications of ASL of the brain, as well its potential pitfalls. The technical and physiological background is also addressed. At present, main areas of interest are cerebrovascular disease, dementia and neuro-oncology. In cerebrovascular disease, ASL is of particular interest owing to its quantitative nature and its capability to determine cerebral arterial territories. In acute stroke, the source of the collateral blood supply in the penu...
Source: Neuroradiology - September 9, 2015 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Translational potential of astrocytes in brain disorders
Publication date: Available online 16 September 2015 Source:Progress in Neurobiology Author(s): Alexei Verkhratsky, Luca Steardo, Vladimir Parpura, Vedrana Montana Fundamentally, all brain disorders can be broadly defined as the homeostatic failure of this organ. As the brain is composed of many different cells types, including but not limited to neurons and glia, it is only logical that all the cell types/constituents could play a role in health and disease. Yet, for a long time the sole conceptualization of brain pathology was focused on the well-being of neurons. Here, we challenge this neuron-centric view and pre...
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - September 17, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research