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Condition: Dementia
Procedure: MRI Scan

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Total 250 results found since Jan 2013.

An Unusual Stroke-like Clinical Presentation of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: Acute Vestibular Syndrome
Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report of an initial presentation of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease closely mimicking vestibular neuritis, expanding the known clinical spectrum of prion disease presentations. Despite the initial absence of neurological signs, the central lesion location was differentiated from a benign peripheral vestibulopathy at the first visit using simple bedside vestibular tests. Familiarity with these tests could help providers prevent initial misdiagnosis of important central disorders in patients presenting vertigo or dizziness.
Source: The Neurologist - April 1, 2015 Category: Neurology Tags: Case Report/Case Series Source Type: research

Microbleeds, Mortality, and Stroke in Alzheimer Disease The MISTRAL Study
Conclusions and RelevanceIn patients with AD, the presence of nonlobar microbleeds was associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality. Patients with lobar microbleeds had an increased risk for stroke and stroke-related mortality, indicating that these patients should be treated with the utmost care.
Source: JAMA Neurology - March 23, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Molecular disorganization of axons adjacent to human lacunar infarcts
In this study, we sought to determine the molecular organization of axons in tissue adjacent to lacunar infarcts and in the regions surrounding microinfarcts, by determining critical elements in axonal function: the morphology and length of node of Ranvier segments and adjacent paranodal segments. We examined post-mortem brain tissue from six patients with lacunar infarcts and tissue from two patients with autosomal dominant retinal vasculopathy and cerebral leukoencephalopathy (previously known as hereditary endotheliopathy with retinopathy, nephropathy and stroke) who accumulate progressive white matter ischaemic lesions...
Source: Brain - February 23, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Hinman, J. D., Lee, M. D., Tung, S., Vinters, H. V., Carmichael, S. T. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Circadian sleep/wake rhythm abnormalities as a risk factor of a poststroke apathy
ConclusionThese results indicate that early poststroke alterations of sleep/wake circadian rhythms – easily evaluated by actigraphy – are associated with a higher risk of poststroke apathy at three‐months. In terms of clinical outcomes, our results provide targets for very early identification of patients at risk to develop apathy after stroke and for assessing when to start specific therapy to optimize rehabilitation efficiency.
Source: International Journal of Stroke - December 25, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Charlotte Cosin, Igor Sibon, Mathilde Poli, Michèle Allard, Sabrina Debruxelles, Pauline Renou, François Rouanet, Willy Mayo Tags: Research Source Type: research

Values of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring for prediction of cognitive function impairment in elderly hypertensive patients
Conclusion The study demonstrated that hypertensive patients diagnosed by ABPM have significantly more impaired cognitive function than control subjects as proved by the mini-mental state examination and brain MRI score of white matter disease.
Source: The Egyptian Heart Journal - November 6, 2014 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

White Matter Lesions Are Associated With Hospital Admissions Because of Hip-Fractures and Trauma After Ischemic Stroke Clinical Sciences
Conclusions— Patients with ischemic stroke and moderate-to-severe WMLs are at high risk, who experience serious traumatic injuries and especially hip-fractures requiring hospital treatment.
Source: Stroke - September 22, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Sibolt, G., Curtze, S., Melkas, S., Pohjasvaara, T., Kaste, M., Karhunen, P. J., Oksala, N. K. J., Strandberg, T., Erkinjuntti, T. Tags: Computerized tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinical Sciences Source Type: research

Observational assessment of communication disorders in vascular dementia patients with right hemisphere damage
ConclusionWe believe that communication disorder in the RBD patients may be evaluated with the DCAS. We plan to standardize the DCAS and apply it for use in rehabilitation in the future.
Source: Psychogeriatrics - September 1, 2014 Category: Geriatrics Authors: Miyuki Kawada, Naofumi Tanaka, Satoshi Yamaguchi, Kenichi Meguro Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Prevalence and Clinicoradiological Analyses of Patients with Alzheimer Disease Coexisting Multiple Microbleeds
Conclusions: The present study indicated that the prevalence of multiple MBs was 17% in Japanese AD patients. The clinicoradiological profile suggested severe degree of CAA in patients with multiple L MBs (9%) and hypertension and aged changes in patients with multiple D/I MBs (8%). T2*-weighted imaging is a useful tool for evaluating degree of CAA and hypertensive vascular changes. We should pay more attention to management and care in AD patients with multiple MBs.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - August 29, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Junpei Nagasawa, Tetsuhito Kiyozaka, Ken Ikeda Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Claims magnetic brain stimulation helps memory
ConclusionIn this study, TMS was found to improve performance on the associative memory test by more than 20%, whereas sham stimulation had no significant effect.TMS also increased connectivity between specific cortical (grey-matter) regions of the brain and the hippocampus.This interesting research increases our knowledge of how memory works. However, it was a very small trial with only 16 participants. It is also unclear whether electromagnetic stimulation would be effective for people with memory disorders such as dementia. The media has reported that the researchers are now planning to study the effect of TMS on people...
Source: NHS News Feed - August 29, 2014 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Neurology Source Type: news

Association between carotid stenosis or lacunar infarction and incident dementia in patients with vascular risk factors
ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that carotid stenosis had little association with dementia, but lacunar infarction had a significant association. The impact of SVD on dementia could be much greater than that of LVD.
Source: European Journal of Neurology - August 28, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: K. Kitagawa, K. Miwa, Y. Yagita, S. Okazaki, M. Sakaguchi, H. Mochizuki Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Silent Brain Infarcts in a Mediterranean Cohort of Hypertensives Brain and Cognition
Silent brain infarcts (SBIs) are detected by neuroimaging in approximately 20% of elderly patients in population-based studies. Limited evidence is available for hypertensives at low cardiovascular risk countries. Investigating Silent Strokes in Hypertensives: a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study (ISSYS) is aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of SBIs in a hypertensive Mediterranean population. This is a cohort study in randomly selected hypertensives, aged 50 to 70 years old, and free of clinical stroke and dementia. On baseline, all participants underwent a brain magnetic resonance imaging to assess prevalence a...
Source: Hypertension - August 13, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Delgado, P., Riba-Llena, I., Tovar, J. L., Jarca, C. I., Mundet, X., Lopez-Rueda, A., Orfila, F., Llussa, J., Manresa, J. M., Alvarez-Sabin, J., Nafria, C., Fernandez, J. L., Maisterra, O., Montaner, J., on behalf of ISSYS Investigators* Tags: Cerebral Lacunes Brain and Cognition Source Type: research

Prestroke Statins, Progression of White Matter Hyperintensities, and Cognitive Decline in Stroke Patients with Confluent White Matter Hyperintensities
In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that prestroke statin use would reduce the progression of WMH and/or cognitive decline among stroke patients with confluent WMH. Patients (n = 100) were participants of the VITAmins To Prevent Stroke magnetic resonance imaging substudy. All patients had confluent WMH on magnetic resonance imaging at baseline. Eighty-one patients completed the 2-year follow-up. We assessed general cognition and executive function using the mini-mental state examination and Mattis dementia rating scale–initiation/perseveration subscale, respectively. We compared the change in volume of WMH ...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - July 1, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Dual Task Walking Reveals Cognitive Dysfunction in Community-dwelling Elderly Subjects: The Sefuri Brain MRI Study
The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of subclinical brain lesions and cognitive function on gait performance with or without concurrent cognitive task in community-dwelling elderly subjects. Participants without dementia (92 men and 109 women with a mean age of 67.8 years) underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging, neuropsychologic tests, and gait measurements. Impaired gait velocity of the Timed Up and Go test was associated with deep white matter lesions (odds ratio [OR], 2.338; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.120-4.880) and diabetes mellitus (OR, 2.725; 95% CI, 1.120-6.630) after adjusted for age, sex, ...
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - June 23, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Manabu Hashimoto, Yuki Takashima, Akira Uchino, Takefumi Yuzuriha, Hiroshi Yao Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Detection of Early Cognitive Impairment Using AD8 in a Young Patient With Stroke With Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy With Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome: A Case Report
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) syndrome is a hereditary disease resulting from NOTCH3 gene mutation. The clinical presentations include migraine, recurrent stroke, and cognitive impairment. The severity of cognitive impairment varies in different stages, and early recognition poses a challenge. A 47-year-old lady presented with chronic migraine and sudden onset of hemiparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed compatible findings of CADASIL, which was confirmed by mutation analysis of NOTCH3 gene. Early cognitive impairment was detected by her score of...
Source: American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias - March 25, 2014 Category: Geriatrics Authors: Hsieh, I.-C., Kuan, T.-S., Hsieh, P.-C., Chen, S.-M., Yen, W.-J., Chang, W.-C., Lin, I.-L., Lin, Y.-C. Tags: Current Topics in Care Source Type: research

Brain volumes and risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. The SMART-MR study
Abstract: Brain atrophy is a strong predictor for cognitive decline and dementia, and these are, in turn, associated with increased mortality in the general population. Patients with cardiovascular disease have more brain atrophy and a higher morbidity and mortality. We investigated if brain volumes on magnetic resonance imaging were associated with the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with manifest arterial disease (n = 1215; mean age 58 years). Automated brain segmentation was used to quantify intracranial volume, and volumes of total brain, sulcal cerebrospinal fluid, and ventricles. After a med...
Source: Neurobiology of Aging - February 10, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Pieternella H. van der Veen, Majon Muller, Koen L. Vincken, Willem P.T.M. Mali, Yolanda van der Graaf, Mirjam I. Geerlings, SMART Study Group Tags: Regular Articles Source Type: research