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NIDCR's Spring 2021 E-Newsletter
Having trouble viewing this email? View it as a Web page. NIDCR's Spring 2021 E-Newsletter In this issue: NIDCR News Funding Opportunities & Related Notices NIH/HHS News Subscribe to NICDR News Science Advances   Grantee News   NIDCR News NIDCR & NIH Stand Against Structural Racism NIDCR Director Rena D’Souza, DDS, MS, PhD, said in a statement that there is no place for structural racism in biomedical research, echoing remarks from NIH Director Francis Collins, MD, PhD, in his announcement of a new NIH initiative—called UNIT...
Source: NIDCR Science News - April 7, 2021 Category: Dentistry Source Type: news

TNF-TNFR2 Signal Plays a Decisive Role in the Activation of CD4+Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells: Implications in the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases and Cancer.
Authors: Islam MS, Yang Y, Chen X Abstract The puzzling biphasic or dual roles of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF) in the inflammatory and immune responses are likely to be mediated by distinct signaling pathways transduced by one of its two receptors, e.g., TNF receptor type I (TNFR1) and TNF receptor type II (TNFR2). Unlike TNFR1 that is ubiquitously expressed on almost all types of cells, the expression of TNFR2 is rather restricted to certain types of cells, such as T lymphocytes. There is now compelling evidence that TNFR2 is preferentially expressed by CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), and TNFR2 plays a ...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - February 3, 2021 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Methods to Detect MHC-Specific IgE in Mice and Men
Humoral immunity is a major barrier limiting long-term outcome after organ transplantation. Especially, the production of antibodies directed against donor HLA/MHC antigens (i.e. donor-specific antibodies (DSA)) leading to antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) is considered to be a major factor negatively affecting allograft survival. DSAs of the IgG isotype are routinely measured in transplant patients. However, not all patients diagnosed with IgG-DSA develop ABMR events. Therefore, research in better understanding the mechanisms of ABMR is of great importance. We recently demonstrated the production of MHC-specific IgE upon...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - December 8, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: Ductile Targets in Disease
Discussion MDSCs violently emerge in pathological conditions in an attempt to limit potentially harmful immune and inflammatory responses. Mechanisms supporting their expansion and survival are deeply investigated in cancer, in the perspective to reactivate specific antitumor responses and prevent their contribution to disease evolution. These findings will likely contribute to improve the targeting of MDSCs in anticancer immunotherapies, either alone or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. New evidence indicates that the expansion of myeloid cell differentiation in pathology is subject to fine-tuning, as its...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 2, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Neutrophil Cytosolic Factor 1 in Dendritic Cells Promotes Autoreactive CD8+ T Cell Activation via Cross-Presentation in Type 1 Diabetes
Conclusion: ROS promote CD8+ T cell activation by facilitating autoantigen cross-presentation by DCs. ROS scavengers could potentially represent an important component of therapies aiming to disrupt autoantigen presentation and activation of CD8+ T cells in individuals at-risk for developing T1D. In Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), pancreatic β cells are attacked by a T cell mediated autoimmune response and lose their ability to produce insulin (1–3). While a number of immune cell subsets are involved throughout the development of T1D, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs) function as primary effectors of ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 30, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Hepatic Natural Killer Cells: Organ-Specific Sentinels of Liver Immune Homeostasis and Physiopathology
Joanna Mikulak1,2, Elena Bruni1,2, Ferdinando Oriolo1,2, Clara Di Vito1 and Domenico Mavilio1,2* 1Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy 2Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy The liver is considered a preferential tissue for NK cells residency. In humans, almost 50% of all intrahepatic lymphocytes are NK cells that are strongly imprinted in a liver-specific manner and show a broad spectrum of cellular heterogeneity. Hepatic NK (he-NK) cells play key roles in tuning liver immune response in b...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 29, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Autoimmune Disease in Women: Endocrine Transition and Risk Across the Lifespan
Conclusion Autoimmune disease states show strong associations with endocrinological changes in human and animal studies. There is clear evidence for the role of sex steroids in the immune disturbances that result in autoimmune diseases (Figure 2). The majority of women who pass through the different endocrinological transition states do not succumb to autoimmune diseases. FIGURE 2 Figure 2. Factors that contribute to increased incidence and prevalence of autoimmunity in women. In women (46XX) with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune states, external environmental stimuli affect modifying factors as well as endo...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 28, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

The Emerging Epigenetic Role of CD8+T Cells in Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review
The Emerging Epigenetic Role of CD8+T Cells in Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review Qiancheng Deng1, Yangyang Luo1,2, Christopher Chang3, Haijing Wu1, Yan Ding4* and Rong Xiao1* 1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China 2Department of Dermatology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China 3Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States 4Department of Dermatology, Hainan Provincial Dermatology Disease Hospital, Haikou, China A...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 17, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

ALCAM Mediates DC Migration Through Afferent Lymphatics and Promotes Allospecific Immune Reactions
In conclusion, our findings identify ALCAM as a novel therapeutic target for preventing corneal allograft rejection in high-risk patient populations. Moreover, given the documented contribution of ALCAM to (lymph)angiogenesis, DC migration, and T cell activation, ALCAM blockade might represent a therapeutic strategy for treating other immune-mediated inflammatory conditions, such as solid organ transplant rejection, allergy or autoimmune diseases. Experimental Procedures Cloning, Expression, and Purification of I/F8-Fc and KSF-Fc For cloning of I/F8-Fc and KSF-Fc the respective scFv sequence was amplified from previousl...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 11, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

A critical role for IL-18 in transformation and maturation of naive eosinophils to pathogenic eosinophils
Eosinophils have very distinct roles in maintaining innate immunity in healthy subjects and are also involved in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and allograft rejection.1,2 IL-5 is a well-established differentiation, growth, and survival factor for eosinophils, and earlier reports indicate that IL-5 and eotaxins regulate baseline resident eosinophils.1,3 Most recently, we and others reported a distinguishable subset of CD101-expressing4 and CD274-expressing5 eosinophils, similar to the other immune cell populations that exhibit differences in their phenotype and function.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - February 27, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Sathisha Upparahalli Venkateshaiah, Akanksha Mishra, Murli Manohar, Alok K. Verma, Priya Rajavelu, Rituraj Niranjan, Laurianne G. Wild, Nereida A. Parada, Uwe Blecker, Joseph A. Lasky, Anil Mishra Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research